
Gass 



u. 



Book_._Z5^ 



THE 



HISTORY 

OF THK 

Wars of New-England with the Eastern 

Indians, 

OR A 

NARRATIVE 

Of their continued Peefidy and Cruelty, 

Frojn the lOtli of August, 1703, 

To the Peace renewed 13th of July, 1713. 

And from the 25th of July, 1722, 

To their Submission 15th December, 1725, 

Which was ratified August 5th, 1726. 

By Samuel Penhallow, Esqr. 



Nescio tu quibus es, Lector, lectwus oeellis, 
Hoe scio, quod siccis, scribere non jiotui. 



(Cincinnati : 

Ke-priuted from tlie Bonton Edition of 1726, with a Memoir and jS'otes, for "W. Dodge, 

by J. Harpel, corner Third «fe Vine Sts. 

1859. 



MEMOIR 



Hon. SAMUEL PENHALLOW, 

One of the Counsellors of the Province of New-Hanvpshirey and 
author of a Narrative of Indian Wars^ <S:g. 

BY NATHANIEL ADAMS. 



To trace the principal events in the lives of eminent men of 
former times, is always desirable, but frequently attended with 
difficulty. Their cotemporaries have not always been careful 
to record those deeds, which have led them to eminence; nor 
has tradition in every instance been faithful to hand them down 
to posterity undiminished. Time, the great devourer of all 
things, preys upon the evidence designed to perpetuate virtuous 
actions with unabated appetite ; and the destroying flames 
sometimes consume those evidences which have escaped the 
ravages of time. These misfortunes have attended the author 
of the narrative of the Indian wars. His descendants, some of 
whom now fill important offices in the State, have been able to 
preserve but few anecdotes respecting him ; and a diary which 
he kept for many years, in which he had noted some of the 
most remarkable incidents of his life, as well as the passing 
events of the day, was destroyed by the fire, which laid waste 
a considerable part of the town of Portsmouth, in December, 
1805. A short extract from this diary has been preserved in 
the collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society. 

Samuel Penhallow was born at St. Mabon, in the county of 
Cornwall, in England, the second day of July, 1665, Hi^ 
1 (3) * " 



4 iBcmoii\ 

ancestors had possessed a landed estate in that county. His 
father was attached to the dissenting interest, and was intimate 
with the Rev. Charles Morton, rector of the parish of Elisland in 
the same county. Morton became obnoxious to the ruling party, 
and was silenced for non-conformity to the rites and ceremonies 
of the established church. He removed to Newington-Green, 
near London, where he opened a school for the instruction of 
youth, in the various branches of literature. His school soon 
became famous, and numbers resorted to it for education. In 
1683, Penhallow being then about eighteen years of age, was 
placed under his care. He pursued his studies with diligence, 
and made such progress as not only to gain the apj^robation of 
his instructor, but to attract the attention of other gentlemen of 
science. He continued with Mr. Morton about three years, and 
until his school was broken up. The bishops and ecclesiastical 
authority of the Church did not choose that dissenters and 
puritans should be employed to superintend the education of 
the rising generation ; and prohibited Mr. Morton from pursuing 
that employment. Mr. Morton then determined to take refuge 
in New-England, where he could enjoy that liberty of conscience, 
which was denied him in his native land. He had an 
affectionate attachment to his pupils, and requested some of 
them to accompany him. The subject of this memoir was one 
that was selected on this occasion, to whom Mr. Morton promised 
his favour and assistance. Penhallow with the consent of his 
parents accepted the proposals ; they embarked for this country 
and arrived here in July, 1686. Before they left England, the 
society for propagating the gospel among the Indians, offered 
Penhallow twenty pounds sterling a year for three years, if he 
would make himself acquainted with the Indian language ; and 
sixty pounds a year, afterwards during life, if he devoted 
himself to the ministry, and preached to them "at times." Soon 



ittrmoit* 5 

after their arrival here, Mr. Morton had an invitation to take 

charge of the church at Charlestown, which he accepted. How 

long Penhallow continued with him is uncertain. He probably 

pursued his studies for sometime, according to his original design 

of qualifying himself for the ministry; whilst he resided at 

Charlestown he was admitted a member of the church under Mr. 

Morton's pastoral care. But the political troubles, which took 

place in Massachusetts about this time, discouraged him from 

entering into the ministry, and he removed to Portsmouth ; at 

what precise time doth not appear. Soon after his settlement 

here, he married Mary Cutt, a daughter of President Cutt. She 

inherited fi'om her father, a valuable patrimony, part of which 

consisted of a tract of land, on which a large portion of the town 

of Portsmouth is built, Mr. Penhallow engaged in trade, and 

with the property he had received by his wife, accumulated a 

great estate. He erected the brick house which stood at the 

head of the pier ; Avhere he lived in a style superior to most of 

his fellow townsmen of that day. He was given to hospitality. 

His house was open to every stranger of distinction who visited 

the town; and the poor found in him, at all times, a friend 

ready to relieve their distress. His influence in the town was 

great, and he took an active part in the management of* their 

affairs. He was early appointed a magistrate, and in the 

execution of that office, he was prompt, decisive and firm ; and 

literally "a terror to evil doers." So great was his abhorrence 

of vice, that he proceeded with great severity towards those who 

were arraigned before him, especially when he discovered any 

symptoms of guilt. He received a mandamus as one of his 

Majesty's Council, and took his seat at the board. For some 

years after his appointment, the business of the Council was 

conducted with harmony, or at least without any personal 

altercation. When Lt. Governor Vaughan took his seat, he 
1* 



6 ^tmoix. 

assumed more 2">ower than many thought belonged to him. 
Disputes took place between him and GoA'ernor Shute on the 
subject. Penhallow warmly espoused the cause of the Governor 
and opposed Vaughan's pretentions. Vaughan highly resented 
Penhallow's conduct, and suspended him from the council. 
Governor Shute hastened to Portsmouth as soon as he heard 
of these transactions, re-instated Penhallow and suspended 
Vaughan. Matters were soon restored to their former peaceable 
state, and business was transacted with its usual ease and 
decorum. In the council, Mr. Penhallow was an active and 
influential member, and as senior counsellor, he presided with 
dignity and impartiality. 

The Recorder of deeds was appointed by the house 
of Representatives, and Mr. Penhallow had received that 
appointment. The records and files which had been taken from 
Chamberlaine, were deposited in the Recorder's office, subject 
to the orders of the General Court. Whilst Lt. Gov. Usher 
was in office, he was desirous of having the control of those 
papers, because he expected to find among them the papers 
relating to Mason's suits, which had been carefully kept fi'om 
him. He procured an order from the Lords of Trade and 
Plantations, who had the direction of all provincial tiffeirs, that 
they should be placed in the secretary's office. Application was 
made for them to Mr. Penhallow, but he absolutely refused to 
deliver them unless he was authorized to do it by an act of the 
General Court. Neither the threats nor the entreaties of the 
Lt. Governor had any influence upon him. This refusal shews 
the great firmness of his mind, and that he was not to be over- 
awed by persons of higher grade in office, when their commands 
were in op^^osition to what he thought his duty. 

In 1714, Mr. Penhallow was appointed a Justice of the Su- 
perior Court of Judicature; and in 1717. Chief Justice of the 



iWrmoir. 7 

same Court, which office he held until his death. A strong 
mind, improved by education, added to his long acquaintance 
with public business, enabled him to discharge the duties of the 
office with as much credit to himself, and benefit to the public, 
as could be expected from any one not bred to the profession of 
the law. 

Mr. Penhallow likewise held the office of Treasurer of the 
Province for several years ; his last account is dated the 9tli of 
JN'ovember, 1726, and signed by him, but was settled by his Ex- 
ecutor with a committee of the General Court after his decease. 
He transferred his connexion from the Church in Charlestown 
to that in Portsmouth, in 1717. In his last will he gave a legacy 
to the poor of the church, of which he was a member, and an. 
other to the Rev. Mr. Fitch, his pastor. 

Judge Penhallow filled many of the most important offices in 
the government, and discharged the duties attached to them 
with great integTity. His firmness and perseverence were es- 
sential qualities in a person concerned in the administration of 
government, in the turbulent times in wdiich he lived, and the 
publick reaped the benefit of them. His attachment to the 
country increased with his residence in it, and he used his con- 
stant endeavours to promote its best interests. 

He died at Portsmouth the second day of Dec. 1726, aged 
sixty-one years and five months. 



THE 



OF THE 

Wars of New-England with the Eastern Indians, 

OKA 

N A RR ATI VE 

Of their continued Perfidy and Cruelty, 

from the 10th of Atigust, 1703, 

To the Peace renewed 13th of July, 1713. 

And from the 25th oi' July, 1722, 

To their Submission, 15th December, 1726, 

Which was ratified August 5th, 1726. 



Neseio tu quibus es, Lector, lecturtm ocellis, 
Hoc scio, quod siccis, scribere non potui. 



BOSTON: 

Printed by T. Fleet, for S. Gerrish at the lower end of Cornhill, and D. HeQchman 
ev»r agaiost the Brick Meetiog-Hoose ia Cornliill, 1726. 



The Preface. 

TT is one part of our honor and happiness in this country, 
among the many difficulties and troubles which have attended 
the settlements and growth of it unto this day, that there have 
not been wanting from time to time, honest and worthy persons, 
and some learned, who have delivered down to posterity a plain 
and true account of the wars which we have had with the 
Indian natives in one part of the land and in another. 

We owe much to those who have done us this service from 
the beginning, and they have herein served Grod, as well as 
obliged the world. For it always has been, and ever is like to 
be a grateful thing to mankind, to be informed of the rise and 
growth of provinces, and of the sufferings of their feeble infant 
state. From the days of Moses, who wrote the first history, 
the beginning of the world, and of Israel, the wise and pious 
among men have scarcely known a more sacred pleasure, nor 
found a more profitable entertainment, than in tracing the 
footsteps and windings of Divine Providence, in the planting of 
colonies and churches, here and there, through the earth. 

Nor let it seem vain in me to say, that in the settlement of 
the New-England churches and provinces, there have been 
some circumstances so like unto those of Israel of old, (after 
their entrance into Canaan,) that I am persuaded no people of 

(9) 



10 ^Prefarr, 

God under heaven can sing of his mercies and judgments in 
the inspired phrase* with more direct and pertinent application, 
than we can do. The subject of the following book affords the 
most special instance hereof; namely, that although our merciful 
and gracious God did' in a wonderful manner, cast out the 
heathen before our fathers, and j^lanted them; prej^ared also 
room before them, and caused them to take deep root and to fill 
the land, so that the vine hath sent out her boughs unto the sea, 
and her branches upon the river ; yet to humbly improve us, 
and for our sins to punish us, the righteous God hath left a 
sufficient number of the fierce and barbarous savages on our 
borders, to be pricks in our ears, and thorns in our sides, and 
they liaAx been and are like the boar of the woods to waste us, 
and the wild beast of the field to devour us. ) 

Wherefore, on principles both humane and religious, I 
gladly introduce the following memoirs to the public view, with 
my hearty thanks to the honorable author for the great pains he 
has taken (among other his public services) to transmit these 
particulars of the two last wars with the Indian enemy down to 
posterity, that the generation to come might know them, and 
set their hope in God, and not forget his works, but keep his 
commandments. 

The Reader must not expect much entertainment or curiosty 
in the stor}^ of a barbarous war with cruel and perfidious savages. 
It is the benefit of posterity in a religious improvement of this 
dry and bloody story, that we aim at, in preserving some 
remembrance thereof. And that in times to come, when we are 
dead and forgotten, materials may remain for a continued and 
entire history of our country ; and we hope that they who come 
after us will take the like care in their times for the children 
that shall be born. 



* 70 and 80 Psalms, and part of loa, lOG, and 107 Psalms. 



preface, ii 

Let it suffice, in praise of the narrative, if the facts related 
be true and exact, and that the style be familiar, plain and easy, 
as all historical memoirs should be written. As to the truth of 
it, none (I suppose) will have any doubt, to whom the author 
is known ; and to whom among us is he not known ? Or by 
whom among the lovers of the country is he not esteemed for 
his affectionate regard unto the civil and religious liberties of it? 

The Rev. Dr. Mather wrote the Bemarkables of the Eastern 
war before this, from the year 1688 unto the year 1698, ten 
years, wherefore he called his book Decennium Luctuosum. This 
book may claim the like title, for the first war here related, from 
August io, 1703, to the 13th July, 1713, did also continue just 
ten years. 

To these ten years of trouble and distress, the author has 
added an account of another but shorter war of three years, 
from July 25, 1722, to December 15, 1725, when the savages by 
their delegates renewed their submission, and signed articles 
of peace in the Council Chamber in Boston; for the lasting 
effects whereof we are humbly waiting on a gracious God with 
our earnest prayers. /And we owe abundant praises to his holy 
name for the great successes, with which he has been pleased 
to crown the councils and arms of the province in this last short 
war ; to the humbling the insolent enemy and bringing them so 
soon to sue for the peace which they had broken. Not unto us, 
Lord ! not to us, but to thy name give glory ; for thy mercy 
and for thy truth sake ! 

In a special manner, the wonderful victory obtained August 
12, 1724, over the bold and bloody tribes at Norridgewalk, and 
their sudden destruction that memorable day, was the singular 
work of God; — And the officers and soldiers piously put far 
from themselves the honor of it. The plain hand of providence, 
and not their own conduct, facilitated and quickened their 



12 ilrrfacr^ 

march. God sent them timely information where the Indians 
had i^laced their guards upon the river, that they might shun 
them, and so come upon the town undiscovered. Grod brought 
them on it in a right time, when the fighting men were just 
come in from abroad, and the next day (we are told) they were 
to have come down on our frontiers. They were surprized in 
the height of security, and so amazed that they could not find 
their hands when they would have escaped. This destruction 
of the enemy was with the loss of only one life, and two wounded 
on our part. And he, who was the father of the war, the 
ghostly father of those perfidious savages, like Balaam the son 
of Beor, was slain among the enemy, after his vain endeavors 
to curse us. 

May those singular favours of God have their saving eifects 
on us ! and his goodness to us on the present fruits of peace, 
which we are about to reap ; lead us to repentance, bind us to 
obedience, raise us in Devotion, and endear his blessed name 
and truths and ways to us. Amen. 

BENJAMIN COLMAlSr.* 

Boston, Jan. 28, 1725—6. 

[*Dr. Colman, one of the most eminent divines of New England, and the minister of the church in Brattle- 
gtreet, from August 4, 1690, to his death August 20, 1747, was a native of Boston, and born I'Jth Oct. 1673, and 
;^raduated at Harvard College, in 1692.] 



Introduction. 

The keeping a register of memorable occmTences, as it has 
been the practice of former ages, so it ought to be continued for 
the advantage of posterity. And inasmuch as the Divine 
Providence has placed me near the seat of action, where I have 
had greater opportunities than many others of remarking the 
cruelty and perfidy of the Indian enemy, I thought it my duty 
to keep a record thereof. Not that at first I designed to make 
these memoirs j^^^blic, but now am persuaded to it by some 
whose judgment I pay a deference unto. In the collecting 
them, I have used all faithfulness ; and have been assisted 
therein, not only from the abstracts of original letters, but fi'om 
persons of the best credit and reputation, and yet doubtless 
some small occurrences may have slipped my knowledge. 

I might with Orosius very justly entitle this history, de 
miseria hominum, being no other than a narrative of tragical 
incursions perpetrated by bloody pagans, who are monsters of 
such cruelty, that the words of Virgil may not unaptly be 
applied to them. 

Tristius haud illis monstrum, nee Saevior ulla pestis et ira Deum. 

Who are as implacable in their revenge, as they are terrible 
in the execution of it; and will convey it down to the third 
and fourth generation. No courtesy will ever oblige them to 
gratitude ; for their greatest benefactors have fi*equently fallen 
as victims to their fury. 

2 ^ (13) 



14 Introtiuction. 



The Roman spectacles of old, were very lively in them re- 
peated. God has made them a terrible scourge for the pun- 
ishment of our sins. And probably that very sin of ours in 
neglecting the welfare of their souls. For we have not expressed 
the like laudable care for them, as hath been done in the south- 
ern and western parts of the country. But indeed, we have 
rather aimed to advance a private trade, than to instruct them 
in the principles of true religion. This brings to my remem- 
brance a remarkable saying of one of their chief sachems, whom 
(a little before the war broke out) I asked, wherefore it was they 
were so much bigotted to the French, considering their traffic 
with them was not so advantageous as with the English ? He 
gravely replied, "that the Friars taught them to pray, but the 
English never did." 

And it is also remarkably observable, that among all the set- 
tlements and towns of figure and distinction, not one of them 
have been utterly destroyed wherever a church was gathered. 

But if the eastern parts have been remiss, this should no ways 
detract from the praise of that incomparable zeal of the ven- 
erable Mr. Eliot, and the indefatigable pains which the re- 
nowned Mr. Mayhew and others, have exercised in the instruc- 
tion and conversion of the natives in their parts : wherein they 
were so far successful (through the blessing of Grod) as to form 
many churches of baptized Indians ; and to gather many assem- 
blies of catechumens, that profess the name of Christ; which 
remain to this day the fruit and reward of their labors, will be- 
speak their praise to future ages, and the thanksgiving of many 
to God. 

S. P. 



THE HISTORY 



Wars of New-England, &c. 



TT is storied of Tissaphernes, that so soon as he entered into 
a league with Agesilaus, king of Sparta, he studied means 
whereby to infringe and violate the same. Upon which Agesi- 
laus sent his Ambassadors unto him to return him thanks, that 
by so doing, he had made the Gods his enemies. Now consid- 
ering the league that has been solemnized with the Indians, to- 
gether with their cruelty and treachery so notoriously perpe- 
trated, it is no wonder if in the sequel of this history, we find 
them under some signal remark of the Divine displeasure. 

Not that I am insensible that many have stigmatized the 
English, as chiefly culpable in causing the first breach between 
them and us ; by invading their properties and defrauding them 
in their dealings ; but to censure the public for the sinister ac- 
tions of a few private persons, is utterly repugnant to reason 
and equity. Especially, considering the great care that the 
legislative power had taken to protect the natives and their 
interests. 

What hath formerly occurred of this kind is none of my busi- 
ness to descant upon here ; but as to the infraction which I am 
about to make mention of, I never yet heard the least word in 

their favour, but all sorts of persons do condemn their perfidy. 

(15) 



16 ?3enf)allob's hx^mn amars. 

At the arrival of G-overnor Dudley in the year 1702, the whole 
body of Indians was in a tolerable good frame and temper ; but 
being animated b}^ the French, they soon began to threaten and 
insult the English : upon which, in the succeeding year, June 
the 20th, a congress was appointed at Casco, where the chiefs 
of the several tribes met, viz : Mauxis and Hopehood, from Nor- 
ridgewock,* Wanungunt, and Wanadugunbuent, from Penob- 
scot, Wattanummon, Adiawando and Hegen, from Penacookf 
and Pigwacket. 

Mesambomett and Wexar, from Amasconty, with about 250 
men in 65 canoes, well armed, and mostly painted with variety 
of colours, which seemingly were aifable and kind, and yet in 
some instances gave cause of jealousy. 

A tent being fixed for entertaining the Grovernor and gentle- 
men who accompanied him, together with the Sagamores ; his 
Excellency very kindly saluted them, saying ; " That as he was 
commissioned by the great and victorious Queen of England, 
he came to visit them as his friends and brethren, and to recon- 
cile whatever diiferences had happened since the last treaty." 

At this, they made a pause, but after a short intermission, 
Captain Simmo, who was their orator, arose, and said, " That 
they acknowledged his favour in giving them a visit at such a 
juncture, with so many of the Council and gentlemen of both 
Provinces ; assuring him, that they aimed at nothing more than 
peace ; and that as high as the sun was above the earth, so far 
distant should their designs be of making the least breach be- 
tween each other." And, as a testimony thereof, they presented 
him a belt of wampum, and invited him to the two pillars of 
stones, which at a former treaty were erected, and called by the 
significent name of the Two Brothers ; unto which both parties 
went and added a greater number of stones. 



[*Naridgewalk, in the copy. t Pennecook, in the copy.] 



iPenftallob's Intrian Wiaxs. 17 

This ceremony being performed, several volleys were dis- 
charged on each side; and the Indians added their usual 
dancing, singing, and loud acclamations of joy. Trading-houses 
in several places were hereupon engaged ; and that the price of 
commodities should be stated, and an armorer fixed at the pub- 
lic charge. Many presents were also made them, which they 
kindly received ; so that every thing looked with a promising 
aspect of a settled peace : And that which afterward seemed to 
confirm it, was the coming in of Captain Bomazeen and Captain 
Samuel, who informed, that several missionaries from the Friars 
were lately come among them, who endeavored to break the 
union, and seduce them from their allegiance to the Crown of 
England ; but had made no impression on them, for that they 
were as firm as the mountains, and should continue so, as long 
as the sun and moon endured. 

The eastern inhabitants, who before had thoughts of removing, 
were now encouraged to stand their ground ; several more werei 
also preparing to settle among them, partly from the fertility of 
the soil, the plenty of timber, the advantage of fishery, and sev- 
eral other inducements. But I should have taken notice of two 
instances in the late treaty, wherein the matchless perfidy of 
these bloody infidels did notoriously appear. 1st. As the treaty 
was concluded with volleys on both sides, as I said before, the 
Indians desired the English to fire first, which they readily did, 
concluding it no other but a compliment ; but so soon as the 
Indians fired, it was observed that their guns were charged with 
bullets; having contrived (as was afterwards confirmed) to 
make the English the victims of that day. But Providence so 
ordered it, as to place their chief Councillors and Sachems in 
the tent where ours were seated, by which means they could not 
destroy one without endangering the other ! 2d. As the Eng- 
lish waited some days for Watanummon (the Pigwacket sachem) 
2* 



18 i3enf)allob's fntiian Wiaxs. 

to complete their Council, it was afterward discovered, that 
they only tarried for a reinforcement of 200 French and Indi- 
ans, who in three days after we returned, came among them ; 
having resolved to seize the Grovernor, Council and gentlemen, 
and then to sacrifice the inhabitants at pleasure ; which proba- 
bly they might have done, had they not been prevented by an 
overruling power. 

But notwithstanding this disappointment, they were still re- 
solved on their bloody design : for within six weeks after, the 
whole eastern country was in a conflagration, no house standing 
nor garrison unattacked. AugTist 10th,* at nine in the morning, 
they began their bloody tragedy, being about five hundred In- 
dians of all sorts, with a number of French ; who divided them- 
selves into several companies, and made a descent on the sev- 
eral inhabitants from Casco to Wells, at one and the same time, 
sparing none of every age or sex.f 

As the milk white brows of the grave and ancient had no re- 
spect shown ; so neither had the mournful cries of tender infants 
the least pity ; for they triumphed at their misery, and ap- 
plauded such as the skilfullest artists^ who were most dexterous 
in contriving the greatest tortures ; which was enough to turn 
the most stoical apathy into streams of mournful sympathy and 
compassion. 

The town of Wells, which valiently stood its ground both in 
the former and latter war, suffered now great spoil, nor could 
escape without the loss of 39 that were killed and taken. 

Cape PorpoiseJ being inhabited only by a few fishermen, 
was wholly laid desolate. But the garrison at Winter-Harbor 
defended itself with much bravery ; yet it was at last overpow- 
ered by force, and then submitted on terms. 

[* In the year 1703.] 

[t The Indians took and killed 130 people. I Belknap, 264.] 

[X Cape Porposs in copy.] 



^enftallob's hMan Wiaxs. 19 

Saco-Fort was also attacked by the enemy with great fury ; 
they killed eleven, and carried twenty-four captive. 

Spurwink,* which was principally inhabited by the Jordon's, 
had no less than twenty-two of that family killed and taken. 

Those at Scarborough were mostly in garrison, whom the In- 
dians not willing to encounter, sent a captive before with a flag 
of truce ; but the officer being acquainted with their intrigues, 
slighted the message, secured the captive and made a vigorous 
defence. However, by a long siege, they were so reduced, that 
had not recruits been sent them, they had utterly been over- 
thrown. 

Perpooduckf was of all places (for number) the greatest suf- 
ferers, being but nine families, and no garrison to retire unto ; 
neither any men at home, where they took eight, and inhu- 
manly butchered twenty-five; among whom was the wife of 
Michael Webber, who being big with child, they knocked her 
on the head, and ript open her womb, cutting one part of the 
child out ; a spectacle of horrid barbarity. 

Casco,J which was the utmost frontier, commanded by Ma- 
jor March, who was all this while insensible of the spoil that 
the Indians had done, was saluted by Mauxis, Wanungonet, and 
Assacombuit, three of their most valient and puissant Sachems. 
They gradually advanced with a flag of truce, and sent one be- 
fore them, to signify that they had matter of moment to impart 
to him. At first, he slighted the message, but on second 
thoughts went out to meet them ; they seeming to him but fcAv 
in number, and unarmed : however he ordered two or three 
sentinels to be ready in case of danger. Their voice to him at 

[* Spurwink is the settlement near Richmond's island In Maine. It was the seat of Robert Trelawney who 
early came over, and had a grant of nearly all the lands in Cape Elizabeth, and of the lands on the neck of Casco, 
and extending some way into the country.] 

[t Perpooduck is the point directly opposite Portland. Greeuleafs Eccl. Hist., p. 87.] 

[% Casco was what was anciently called Falmouth. SuUivan, p. 213.] 



20 }penf)alIob's inbian Wiats. 



first seemed like the voice of Jacob, but their hands were like 
the hands of Esau : With their tongues they used deceit, and the 
poison of asps was under their lips. For no sooner had they sa- 
luted him, but with hatchets under their mantles they violently 
assaulted him ; having a number that lay in ambush near them, 
who shot down one of his guards : but being a person of uncom- 
mon strength, as well as courage, he soon wrested a hatchet 
from one of them, with which he did good execution. Yet if 
sergeant Hook (with a file of ten from the fort) had not speedily 
succoured him, they would soon have overpowered him. Mr. 
Phippeny and Mr. Kent, who accompanied him, were attacked 
by others, and soon fell by their fury ; for being advanced in 
years, they were so infirm, that I might say of them as Juvenal 
did of Priam, they had scarce blood enough left to tinge the 
knife of the sacrifice. 

The enemy being defeated in this their design, fell upon the 
several cottages which lay round, and destroyed all they could. 
But the Major on rallying his men together, seeing nothing but 
fire and smoke, divided them into three parts, which were 
twelve in each, and interchanged them every two hours, who 
thus continued six days and nights without the least intermis- 
sion ; by which time the whole body of Indians came together, 
being upwards of five hundred, besides French commanded by 
Monsieur Bobasser, who had ransacked and laid waste the sev- 
eral settlements before mentioned ; and being flushed with suc- 
cess, having taken one sloop, two shallops, and much plunder, 
attempted to undermine the fort from the water side, in which 
they proceeded two days and nights, and probably would have 
effected their design, if they had not been prevented by the ar- 
rival of Capt. Southack, who raised the siege, retook the shal- 
lop, and shattered their navy, which was upwards of 200 
canoes. 



iPmtallob's fntJian Wiaxs. 21 

On Tuesday after,* Capt. Tom, with thirty Indians, made a 
descent on Hampton viUage, where they slew four, besides the 
widow Mussey, who Avas a remarkable speaking Quaker, and 
much lamented by that sect. The}^ also rifled two houses near 
the garrison, but fearing a pursuit, drew otf ; it being generally 
observed, that they seldom annoy but by surprize.f 

By this time, Capt. Summersby was ordered with his troop 
to Portsmouth, and Capt. Wadley to Wells, with the like com- 
j)any of Dragoons ; many concluding that the eastern parts 
would be the seat of action ; and yet a few days after, advice 
was brought from Deerfield, (as a forerunner of some greater 
evil,) of tAvo men taken and carried to Canada : which so alarm'd 
the country, to see the frontiers insulted two hundred miles in 
length, that on September 26th, the Governor ordered 360 men 
to Pigwacket, one of their principal head-quarters ; but thro' the 
difficulty of the passage, and unskilfulness of the guides, they 
returned without any discovery. 

Capt. Davis at the same time had the like misfortune, who 
went to the ponds, but it seemed the enemy went eastward : For 
on the 6th of October, Capt. Hunnuell with nineteen men, as 
they were going to work in their meadows at Black point, J 
were way-laid by two hundred Indians, who at one stroke killed 
and took the whole body excepting one, who like Job's messen- 
ger was preserved to give the melancholy account thereof. 

Upon this they attacked the fort, where only eight men were 
left under the command of Lieut. Wyatt, Avho by the encom*- 
agement of Capt. Willard, and Capt. Wells, that were there in 
two sloops, stood their ground some time, but being afterwards 

[^-August 17, 1703.] 

[■\ On the 8th October, 1703, Zebediah Williams and John Nims, were taken prisoners at Deerfield, and car- 
ried to Canada. Williams died there ; Nims, with some others, made his escape and returned to Deerfield in 
1705. Vol. 1 of the N. H. Hist. Societi/s col] 

[J Black point was one part of Scarborough, Mc. Vol. 1 X. H. Hist. Soc. col.] 



22 iPmftalloto^s IntJian 5Mars. 

dispirited, they went on board Capt. Wells, and the enemy set 
the deserted garrison on fire. 

Another company of Indians commanded by Sampson fell on 
York, where they slew Arthur Brandon's wife and five children, 
carrying captive with them the widow Parsons and her daughter. 

The former attempt on Pigwacket* proving unsuccessful, 
Colonel March went a second time with the like number of men, 
where he killed six Indians and took as many more with some 
plunder, which was the first reprisal that we made ; but the 
enemy dispersing into small parties, did much more mischief 
than in larger ; which put the country into a far greater confu- 
sion, insomuch that there was no safety to him that went out, 
nor him that came in, but dreadful calamity on every side.f 
Terror uhique tremor 

At Berwick, they ambushed five, and as the store ship was 
entering Casco, they entertained them so unexpectedly with a 
volley of shot, that the Master with three more were slain, and 
two in the boat wounded. 

The general assembly being sensibly aifected with the state 
of matters, and disposed to a vigorous prosecution of the war, 
enacted, that forty pounds should be given for every Indian 
scalp, which prompted some, and animated others, to a noble 
emulation. Capt. Tyng was the first that embraced the tender, 
who in the depth of winter, went to their head quarters, and got 
five, for which he received two hundred pounds. Major Hilton 
also with five companies more made the like essay, and so did 
Capt. Stephens, but returned with no other laurel than the 
safety of themselves and company, J 

[* This word is differently spelt. Winthrop has it Pegwaggell ; Sullivan, Peckwalkei and Pickwocket ; Belknap, 
Pigmacket. The true orthography is said to be PequnwkcU. Vol. 1 N. H. Hist. 8oc. col] 

[t The success of Colonel March encouraged the government to offer a bounty of £40 for scalps. 1 Belknap, 265.] 
[J; Capt. John Gilman of Exeter, Capt. Chesley and Capt. Davis of Oyster river, marched with their companies 
on snow shoes into the woods ; but returned without success. 1 Belknap, 266.] 



?3rnf)allob^s Intrian 3imars. 23 



The enemy went on daring and successful. They frequently 
followed the tracks of our men in their marches : At Berwick, 
they killed one, wounded another, and burnt two houses. After 
that they made a descent on Andrew Neal's Garrison, where 
they were vigorously repulsed by Capt. Brown, who killed nine 
on the spot and wounded many more^ which so enraged those 
wretches, that at their return they executed their revenge on 
Joseph Ring, who was then a captive among them, whom they 
fastened to a stake and burnt alive ; barbarously shouting and 
rejoicing at his cries. 

February 8th, Joseph Bradley's garrison of Haverhill was 
unhappily surpriz'd by a small scout, who skulking at a dis- 
tance, and seeing the gates open and none on the sentry, rushed 
in and became masters thereof. The housewife perceiving the 
misery that was attending her, and having boiling soap on the 
fire, scalded one of them to death. The sentinel within was 
slain, and she with several others were taken ; which was the 
second time of her captivity. But that which heightened her 
afiliction was being with child, and yet obliged to travel in a 
deep snow, under a heavy burden, and many days together 
without subsistence, excepting a few bits of skin, ground-nuts, 
bark of trees, wild onions, and lilly roots. Nevertheless she 
was wonderfully supported, and at last safely delivered ; but the 
babe soon perished for want of nourishment, and by the cruelty 
of the Indians, who, as it cried, threw hot embers in its mouth. 
After a year's bondage, she was sold to the French for eighty 
livres, and then redeemed by her husband. 

The use of snow-shoes appearing very requisite for marching 
in the winter season, occasioned an act in both j^rovinces for 
supplying the frontiers therewith : And this season, which be- 
fore was dreaded as most hazardous, was now the time of great- 
est safety, and of less difficulty in travelling. 



24 JPruljallotu's fntrlan Wiaxs, 

But the southern 2:»arts not thinking themselves in so much 
danger did in a little time become secure, which the enemy 
taking notice of, fell on Deerlield, of Avhich the Rev. Mr. Stod- 
dart gave me the following account. That Colonel Schuyler, 
who was always a kind and faithful intelligencer, gave timely 
warning thereof, which awakened some, but was slighted by 
others : However, Mr. Williams, the worthy pastor of that place, 
was strongly possessed that the town would in a little time be 
destroyed ; signifying as much in his pul)lick ministry, and pri- 
vate conference ; and could not be satisfied till he had got twen- 
ty soldiers to be posted there. A few nights before the assault 
was, they were strangely amused, b}^ a trampling noise round 
the fort, as if it were beset by Indians. Towards morning, being 
February 29th, the enemy sent scouts to discover the posture of 
the town, who observing the watch walking in the streets, re- 
turned and put them to a stand ; Awhile after they sent again 
and were advised that all was then still and quiet : upon which, 
two hours before day, they attacked the fort, and by the advan- 
tage of some drifts of snow, got over the walls. The whole body 
was aboA^e two hundred and fifty, under the command of Mon- 
sieur Arteil, who found the people fast asleep and easily secured 
them. The most consideral3le part of the town thus fell into 
their hands. 

They left no garrison unattacked, excepting that of Capt. 
Wells ; but at Benoni Stebbins's they met with some repulse, 
and lost several. Sixty of the English fell, whereof many were 
stifled in a cellar ; and a hundred were taken captive,* who 
with a melanclioly countenance condoled each other's misery, 
yet durst not express the anguish of their souls. That day and 
night were spent in plundering, burning and destroying. The 

[* The names of those persons who were killed and taken captive at Deerfield at this time, are preserved in 
Kev. Mr. William's Redeemed Oiplive. Appendix.] 



^Pentalloto^s Intrian Wiam. 25 

next morning they withdrew into the woods, carrying with them 
their plunder and captives ; among whom was the Reverend 
Mr. Williams,* (before mentioned) whose sufferings, with his 
neighbors, through a deep snow, over mountainous desarts, 
were exceeding great ; besides many trials and fears which they 
labored under. 

The country being alarmed, several hastened to their relief ; 
about thirty of those which first came, charged the enemy in 
the rear, and being strengthened with a further supply, pursued 
them with good success ; but the enemy returning, and being 
much superior in number, killed nine of ours in the skirmish. 

The day after, there was a considerable confluence from the 
lower towns, as well as from the county of Hartford, but for 
want of snow-shoes, were unable to pursue them. Some of our 
captives then in Canada, knowing the enterprize that was on 
foot, sent several letters unto their friends, which the enemy 
did carefully put into a bag, and hung it upon the limb of a tree 
in the high way ; which letters were afterwards found and gave 
satisfaction of those that were then alive among them. 

While the Indians by land were every way distressing of us, 
the French by sea were as industrious to impoverish us. 

April 7th, 1704, they fitted out a privateer shallop with 
twenty seven men, to intercept our southern trade as they came 
laden with provisions ; which if they had succeeded in, would 
not only have supplied their own indigent forces, but the Indi- 
ans also ; (who were then forming a desperate design against 
us) but through the favor of God to us, they were cast away on 
Plymouth shore. A like signal favour to us was the taking a 



[ <■ Bev. John Williams was son of Stephen Williams, Esq. of Roxbury, where he was born Dec. 10, 1664 ; 
graduated at Harvard College, 1683 : ordained the first minister in Deerfield, May, 1686 ; captured by the Indiana, 
Feb. 29, 1704; returned from captivity and arrived at Boston, Nov. 21, 1706 ; died June 12, 1729. He published 
a. narrative of his captivity and sufferings entitled " The Bedeemed Captive returning to Zion," which, in 179.'i, 
had passed through six Editions. Vol. 1 N. H. Hiti. Soc. cnl] 

3 



26 ^Peni&aUob's intrian •fflmars. 

store-ship of theirs (by our Virginia fleet) of forty guns, bound 
to Canada, in which were twenty officers, two thousand small 
arms, with amunition answerable ; besides a vast number of cru- 
cifixes, and presents of a greater value for encouraging the In- 
dians in acts of hostility against the English. In the engage- 
ment, their General was slain, the only man that fell in battle, 
by whose interest those stores were procured ; which loss was 
so affecting, that (as some of our captives afterwards reported) 
it caused a deep humiliation throughout Canada a considerable 
time after. 

As the spring advanced, it was thought necessary to guard 
the frontiers with fresh troops, upon which. Major Mason with 
ninety fi.ve of the Pequod, and Mohegan Indians, were posted 
at Berwick, who at first were very terrifying to the enemy : Yet 
frequent assaults were afterwards made at a little distance, as 
on April 25th, JS'athaniel Meadar was shot while at work in his 
field. They mangled his dead corpse after a barbarous manner. 
Next day, they kill'd Edward Taylor near Lamprey-Eel River, 
and after that took his wife and son, whom they carried to Can- 
ada, and she was afterwards redeemed. From thence, they 
went to Cochecho, expecting to have made Mr. Waldron the 
victim of that day ; but being happily from home, they missed 
their aim. However they surprized a servant of his, as she 
went to the well for water, whom (after they had examined con- 
cerning her master, the state of the garrison, and other affairs) 
they knocked on the head, but the stroke not proving fatal, she 
afterwards recovered. 

After this, several were assaulted in the road to Wells, 
whereof two were killed, one taken, and another made his es- 
cape. 

May 13th, an express came from North-Hampton, advising, 
that about break of day, a company of French and Indians, fell 



?3cnf)aIIob^s Intrian Smars. 27 

on a fortified house, at Pascomuck,* where no watch being kept, 
the people were alarmed in their beds, by the noise of the ene- 
my's rushing on the house ; and before the inhabitants could 
rise, the Indians had got their guns through the port-holes, and 
shot those that first appeared, killing some and wounding oth- 
ers. The surj)rized people made what resistance they could, 
firing briskly on the enemy ; but the house being soon set on 
fire, they were forced to yield themselves prisoners. The enemy 
soon drew ofi", but fearing a pursuit, dismissed one of the 
wounded, with this caution, that if the English followed them, 
they would slay the prisoners ; but the unfortunate messenger 
in returning back, was slain by another Indian. On the same 
morning, another party attacked a farm house, two miles ofi^; 
but the fury of the dogs so alarmed the inhabitants, that they 
instantly got up and fired several guns, to very good advantage, 
which prevented any further attempt. As for those at Pasco- 
muck, they were immediately pursued ; three made an escape, 
eight were rescued, nineteen slain, and three carried to Canada. 
Next day. Major Whiting pursued them with a number of 
horses, and came upon their track, but the ways were so im- 
passable, that they sent their horses back with a resolve to fol- 
low them on foot, but some proving lame, and others tiring, 
caused the rest to desist. I would here remark, that a little be- 
fore the troubles at Pascomuck, and the farm-house before men- 
tioned, the people at Springfield heard a great shooting ; unto 
some it seemed to be at Westfield, to others at a village, and to 
some again in the woods ; so that many hastened to their as- 
sistance ; but when they came all was still and quiet, the reason 
whereof is hard to assign, and yet we have repeated instances 
in history of the like nature. 

Under all those sufferings from a cruel enemy, little or no 

[ '^' Now a part of Sast-Hampton, Massachusetts.] 



28 53enf)allob)'s fntrian Wiaxs. 

impression could ever be made by us upon them, by reason 
of their retiring into unaccessable swamps, and mountains. 
Wherefore it was determined, that Major Church, who was so 
eminently serviceable in the former war, should visit their 
head quarters, according to a scheme which he had projected. 

No sooner was his commission granted, but he raised a con- 
siderable number of volunteers out of Plymouth colony both of 
English and friend Indians, and marched to Nantaskett for fur- 
ther instructions ; where the following gentlemen were ap- 
pointed officers under him, viz. Colonel Grorham, Major Hilton, 
Captain John Brown, Constant, and Edward Church, Cole, Dyer, 
Lamb, Cook, Harreden, Williamson, and Myrick,* with five 
hundred and fifty men and fourteen transports, and with thirty 
six whaleboats, which were guarded by Capt. Smith, Rogers, 
and Southack, in three ships of war. After they were equipped, 
they sailed to Pascataqua, to make up their complement from 
thence. May 15th, they sailed eastward, visiting all parts as 
they want along, till they came to the Green Islands, where 
they took Monsieur Lafebure, and his two sons, with a Canada 
Indian, whom they examined apart : The father at first seemed 
surly and crooked, and the young men were much of the like 
temper, but being told what they must trust unto in case they 
did not confess, were afterwards submissive, and promised to 
pilot them wherever they were directed. Upon this, the trans- 
ports and whaleboats were ordered to be in readiness, and every 
man to have a week's j^rovision ; from hence, they paddled to 
Penobscot, and with the assistance of D. Young, whom they 
brought out of Boston Gaol on purpose for a pilot, killed and 
took a considerable number both of French and Indians, among 



[ << The names of the ofHcers under Col. Church, as giyen in his memoirs of the expedition, were Lt. Col. John 
Gorham, Major Winthrop Hilton, Captains John Brown, James Cole, John Cook, Isaac Mirick, John Harradon, 
Constant Church, John Dyer, Joshua Lamb, Caleb Williamson, and Edward Church. Vol. 1 N. H. Hitt. Soc. eol. 



iaeni^alloto's Intrian WiaxB. 29 

whom was St. Casteen's daughter. From thence they went to 
Passamaquodda, and Mount Desart, where they met the three 
ships of war according to appointment. Their custom was to 
rest in the day, and row in the night ; and never to fire at an 
Indian if they could reach him with a hatchet, for fear of alarm- 
ing them. Here they seized the old Lotriell and his family, 
after that. Monsieur Gruorden, and Sharkee, who a little before 
came with a commission from Canada to form an expedition 
against the English. No sooner had our forces arrived here, 
but orders were sent them from Boston, forthwith to sail to 
Port-Royal, expecting some store ships fi'om France, which was 
welcome news for officers and soldiers. But they missed their 
expectations : However, the ships stood off the harbor while 
the land forces went to Menis, where a council of war was held, 
and Lieut. Giles was sent to the town with a flag of truce and 
summons to surrender; their answer was, "that if our forces 
" would not hurt their estates, they would surrender, otherwise, 
"were resolved to stand their ground." Upon which, a descent 
was made upon them that night, but little effected until the 
morning, and then the forces drew up and drove all before 
them. 

There was at this time a considerable plenty of brandy and 
claret in their houses, which rather proved a snare than 
' service to our men ; especially the Indians, who naturally af- 
fect strong drink, but this was soon prevented, by breaking in 
the heads of the casks. Lieut. Baker and one more were killed 
in this attack, and not above six died in the whole expedition. 
Most of their houses were burnt, and much plunder taken, but 
with as little effusion of blood as possibly could be. The Gen- 
eral ordered their dams to be dug down, and their fortifications 
to be laid in ashes. Having as great success as reasonably 

could be expected, throughout all the territories of L'Acadia, 
3* 



30 ^entallob's Jntrian Wiax^. 



and Nova Scotia, where he took a hundred prisoners, burnt and 
laid waste all the French settlements, (except the town of Port 
Royal) a great many cattle were also killed, and the Indians 
driven into such confusion, that they left their wig\^^ams and re- 
tired into private cells. 

On July 4th, a council of war was called to concert what next 
to do, who resolved, that as the Fort was alarmed, the enemy 
was more numerous than at first ; and that as many of our men 
were tired and defective, it would be best to return ; which was 
also consented unto by our sea officers. But notwithstanding 
the fatigue that this worthy gentlem/n had undergone, and the 
dangers he had run ; the spoil he had done ; and the victories 
he won, yet he could not escape the censures of many. Some 
indeed extolled his valor and conduct even to an hyperbole, 
while others endeavoured to lessen it with as much disgrace and 
infamy. Some thought he did too much, others too little : But 
after one and another has passed their sentiments, the General 
Assembly (which was then sitting) voted him thanks for the good 
services he did both to the queen and country. 

The Governor of Port Royal being in fear of a new enterprize, 
sent Lewis Allein as a spy, under the colour of a flag of truce, 
with six prisoners, (whereof Mr. Hoddy of Piscataqua was one) 
to observe and know the motion of the English. But being sus- 
pected, he was apprehended and searched, and in his pocket-book 
was found this direction ; "That if any enterprise was on foot, he 
should (in his advice book) join L. A. the two first letters of his 
name close together ; if it was only in agitation, to place them at 
some distance ; But if nothing was in motion, then to sign a cross," 
While our forces were engaged in visiting the enemy abroad, 
great care was taken of covering the frontiers at home ; and yet 
very daring assaults were frequently made by small numbers. 
At Oyster river, they wounded William Tasket, and at Dover 



?Penf)allob's Inbian Wiax^. 3i 



they waylaid the inhabitants as they returned from publick wor- 
ship : After that, they killed a lad near Casco fort. About the 
same time, some of the enemy were fishing up Connecticut river, 
and being tracked by a small scout of our volunteers, one Eng- 
lishman and five Mohegan Indians, they pursued them to such 
advantage, that they slew the whole company, save one, which 
were nine in number. Mr. Caleb Lyman, (now Elder of a 
church in Boston) was leader in this hardy action, and has fa- 
voured us with the following account of it. 

Mr. Caleb Lyman's account of eight enemy Indians killed by himself 
and five friend Indians. 

" Some time in the month of May, 1704, there came intelli- 
gence from Albany, of a number of enemy Indians up Connecti- 
cut river, who had built a fort, and planted corn, at a place 
called Cowassuck. On the fifth of June following, we set out 
(by order of authority) from Northampton, and went nine days 
journey into the wilderness, (through much difficulty, by reason 
of the enemy's hunting and scouting in the woods, as we per- 
ceived by their tracks and firing) and then came across some 
fresh tracks, which we followed till we came in sight of the 
abovesaid river : Supposing there might be a number of Indi- 
ans at hand, we being not far from the place where the fort was 
said to be built. Here we made a halt, to consult what methods 
to take ; and soon concluded to send out a spy, with green leaves 
for a cap and vest, to prevent his own discovery, and to find out 
the enemy. But before our spy was gone out of sight, we saw 
two Indians, at a considerable distance from us, in a canoe, and 
so immediately called him : And soon after we heard the firing 
of a gun up the river. Upon which we concluded to keep close 
till sun-set ; and then if we could make any further discovery of 



32 ?penf)aIloto's Indian Sfflars. 



the enemy, to attack them, if possible, in the night. Atid ac- 
cordingly when the evening came on, we moved towards the 
river, and soon perceived a smoke, at about half a mile's dis- 
tance, as we thought, where we afterwards found they had taken 
up their lodging. But so great was the difficulty, that (though 
we used our utmost care and diligence in it) we were not able 
to make the approach till about two o'clock in the morning, 
when we came within twelve rods of the wigwam where they 
lay. But here we met with a new difficulty, which we feared 
would have ruined our design. For the ground was so covered 
over with dry sticks and brush, for the space of five rods, that 
we could not pass, without making such a crackling, as we 
thought would alarm the enemy, and give them time to escape. 
But while we were contriving to compass our design, God in his 
good providence so ordered, that a very small cloud arose, 
which gave a smart clap of thunder, and a sudden shower of 
rain. And this opportunity we embraced, to run through the 
thicket ; and so came undiscovered within sight of the wigwam ; 
and perceived by their noise, that the enemy were awake. But 
however, being unwilling to lose any time, we crept on our 
hands and knees till we were within three or four rods of them. 
Then we arose, and ran to the side of the wigwam, and fired in 
upon them : and flinging down our guns, we surrounded them 
with our clubs and hatchets and knocked down several we met 
with. But after all our diligence, two of their number made 
their escape .from us : one mortally wounded, and the other not 
hurt, as we afterwards heard. 

When we came to look over the slain, we found seven dead 
upon the spot : six of whom we scalped, and left the other un- 
scalped. (Our Indians saying, they would give one to the 
country, since we had each of us one, and so concluded we 
should be rich enough.) When the action was thus over, we 



i3enf)alloto^s Intrian Smars. 33 

took our scalps and plunder, such as guns, skins, &c. and the 
enemy's canoes, in which we came down the river about twelve 
miles by break of day, and then thought it prudence to dismiss 
and break the canoes, knowing there were some of the enemy 
betwixt us and home. 

And now, all our care being how to make a safe and comfort- 
able return, we first looked over our provision, and found we 
had not more than enough for one small refreshment : and being 
above one hundred miles from any English settlement, we were 
very thoughtful how we should subsist by the way. For having 
tracked about thirty of the enemy a little before us, we could 
not hunt for our subsistence for fear of discovery ; and so were 
obliged to eat buds of trees, grass and strawberry leaves, for the 
space of four or five days, till through the goodness of God, we 
safely arrived at Northampton, on the 19th or 20th of the afore- 
said June. And some time after, (upon our humble petition to the 
Great and General Court, to consider the service we had done) 
we received thirty-one pounds reward. And I have only this 
to observe, that in consequence of this action, the enemy were 
generally alarmed, and immediately forsook their fort and corn 
at Cowassuck, and never returned to this day that we could 
hear of, to renew their settlement in that place."* 

I beg the country's leave to observe, how poorly this bold ac- 
tion and great service was rewarded. No doubt they looked 
for, and well deserved, eight times as much ; and now the pro- 
vince would readily pay eight hundred pounds in the like case : 
but a gracious God has recompensed to the Elder, I trust, both 
in the blessings of his providence and grace. 

The French in Canada were now forming another design on 
North Hampton, of which we had seasonable advice ; yet two 

[*May 11, 1704, John Allen and his wife were killed at, or near Deerfiold. Sergeant Hasks was wounded 
About the same time, but escaped to Hatfield. Vol. 1 N. H. Hitt. Soe. col.] 



34 l^enftallob^s inUmx fflmars. 



men were killed going to Deerfield. After that, came in a French 
deserter, who informed of the state of the army that was then 
coming. Upon this, expresses and scouts were every way sent 
to observe their motion : Major Whiting with a considerable 
number went to the Ponds, where he expected to give them bat- 
tle, but they were gone from thence, leaving their canoes behind, 
which he burnt, Their whole body were seven hundred, with 
two Friars, under the commajnd of Monsieur Boocore, who in 
their march began to mutiny about the plunder which they had 
in view, and expected to be master of ; forgetting the proverb 
about dividing the skin before the bear was killed. Their dissen- 
tion at last was so great, that upwards of two hundred returned 
in discontent. However the rest came on, and sent scouts be- 
fore to observe the posture of the English, who reported, that 
they were as thick as the trees in the woods. Upon which their 
spirits failed, and more of their number deserted. They then 
called a council of war, who resolved to desist from the enter- 
prise. Yet some staid, and afterwards fell on Lancaster and 
Grroton, where they did some spoil, but not what they expected, 
for that these towns were seasonably strengthened.* 

Capt. Tyng and Capt. How entertained a warm dispute with 
them for some time, but being much inferior in number, were 
forced to retreat with some loss ; yet those that were slain of 
the enemy, were more than those of ours. One of them was an 
officer of some distinction, which so exasperated their spirits, 
that in revenge, they fired the Meeting-House, killed several 
cattle, and burnt many out-houses. About the same time, Capt. 
Allen, from Westfield, discovered a small party with whom he 

[ * July 19, 1702, Thomas Russell of Doerfield was killed.] 

[ The Indians commenced their attack on Lancaster on the 31st July, early In the morning. In their first 
onset, they killed Lieut. Nathaniel Wilder, near the gate of his own garrison ; and on the same day, three others, 
viz. Abraham How, John Spaulding and Benjamin Hutchins, near the same Garrison. Bev. Mr. Sarrington's 
Century Sermon.^ 



^enfjallob)'s futrian m.axs. 35 



had a skirmish, and lost one man, but killed three, and rescued 
a captive. After this, between Hadley and Quabaug,* we had 
one wounded and another slain. By this time came Major 
Tailor with his troop, (who always distinguished himself of an 
active spirit to serve his country,) Capt. Prescott, Bulkley, and 
Willard, with their companies, who were so vigorous and in- 
tense in pursuing the enemy, that they put them all to flight. 
And yet a little while after they fell on Groton and Nashua, 
where they killed Lieut. Wyler and several more. It was not 
then known how many of the enemy were slain, it being cus- 
tomary among them to carry oif their dead : however, it was 
afterwards affirmed, that they lost sixteen, besides several that 
were wounded.f After this they divided into smaller parties 
and did much mischief, as at Amesbury, Haverhill, and Exeter. 
August 11th, they wounded Mark Griles of Dover, (with his son) 
who, through anguish of pain, and much effusion of blood, ex- 
pired a few days after. At the same time, another party fell 
on York, where they slew Matthew Austin near the garrison, 
and then went to Oyster River, where they killed several while 
at work in their field. 

The five nations of Indians which are called by the name of 
Oneidas, Onondagas, Cayugas, Senekas, and Macquas,J all this 
while stood neuter, but being like to be influenced by the French 
missionaries, who came among them, Colonel Townsend and 
Mr. Leverett, from the Massachusetts, Capt. Gold and Capt. 



[ * Now Brookfield.] 

[ t On the 8th of August, 1704, as several persons were busy iu spreading flax, on a plain, about eighty rods 
from the house of Mr. Thomas Kice, and a number of boys with them, a number of Indians, seven or ten, sud- 
denly rushed down a woody hill near by, and knocked on the head Nahor Kice, the youngest boy, and seized 
Asher and Adonijah, sons of Mr. Thomas Rice, and two others, Silas and Timothy, sons of Mr. Edmund Rice, and 
carried them away to Canada. The persons engaged in spreading flax, escaped safely to the house. Asher, in 
about four years, returned, being redeemed by his father. His brother, Adonijah, grew up in Canada, and mar- 
ried there. Silas and Timothy mixed with the Indians ; lost their mother tongue, had Indian wives, and children 
by them ; and lived at Cagnawaga. The last became the third of the six chiefs of the Cagnawagas, and was known 
among them by the name of Oughtsorongoughton. See Whilneifs HUtory of Worcester, p. 121—123.] 

[ X Onoydes, Onondages, Cayonges, Seuneches, and Macquaiis in the copy. Vol. 1 N. U. Hist. Soc. col.] 



36 i3mf)allob^s hihian amars, 

Levinston from Connecticut, were commissionated to give them 
a visit, and strengthen the alliance with them, which they did 
to so good effect, that they promised to take up the hatchet, 
whenever the Governor of New- York should desire it. But 
why so fair an opportunity Avas lost, when the interest of New- 
England lay bleeding, was matter of surprise and admiration to 
some, of censures and reflections to others. The only account 
we can give of it is the vast trade between the Dutch and Indi- 
ans ; for the sake of which, that government have always cho- 
sen to restrain their Indians from joining with us in our wars. 
In the midst of war there seems a secret league between them 
and the Governor of Canada, not to suffer the least breach to 
be made on one another by any of their Indians. 

But although my design was only [to remark the barba- 
rous insults of those bloody Pagans on the territories of New- 
England; yet I think it not improper to take a short view of 
their descent on Newfoundland, considering the nearness of its 
situation, and that several of our Eastward Indians were con- 
federate with them. 

On the 18th of August, one hundred and forty French and In- 
dians, in two sloops, early in the morning, from Placentia, ar- 
rived at Bonavista and surprised the Pembroke Galley, the 
society of Pool, and a lesser vessel, in which was thirty ton of 
oil : Capt. Gill of Charlestown was there at the same time, in a 
ship of fourteen guns, with twenty-four men. He was furiously 
attacked, but defended himself with great courage and good con- 
duct, from divers bold and desperate attempts which they made 
upon him. When he had beat them at small arms, they then 
brought the Galley to bear upon him with her great guns, which 
he returned in the like language. They then set fire to the So- 
ciety, with an expectation of burning him alive ; but the wind 
proving contrary, drove her ashore on a rock, where she soon 



^entallob^s Indian Smars. 37 

consumed. They then set the lesser ship on fire, which burnt 
to such a degree by reason of the oil, that it would soon have 
devoured him, had not the buoy-rope of the anchor got between 
the rudder and the stern, and kept off the blazing war from him. 
The situation of the fort was such, as that it was not able to pro- 
tect the town of St. Johns, upon which it was wholly laid in 
ashes, the inhabitants being mostly fled into the woods. The 
loss that Capt. Gill sustained in the whole encounter, was but 
one man slain and two wounded. 

I now return to the westAvard, where, on the 25th of October 
the enemy did some mischief. Lancaster was alarmed, and the 
alarm was the means of the untimely death of the Rev. Mr. 
Gardiner,* their worthy pastor. Several of the inhabitants who 
belonged to the garrison, were wearied by hard travelling the 
day before, in pursuit of the enemy. This caused this good man 
out of pity and compassion, to watch that night himself; accord- 
ingly he went into the box which lay over the flanker, where 
he staid till late in the night : but being cold, (as was supposed) 
he was coming down to warm himself, when one between sleep- 
ing and waking, or surprised through excess of fear, fired upon 
him, as he was coming out of the watch-house, where no man 
could rationally expect the coming of an enemy. 

Mr. Gardiner, although he was shot through the back, came 
to the door and bid them open it, for he was wounded. No 
sooner did he enter, but he fainted away : As he came to him- 
self, he asked who it was that shot him, and when they told him, 
he prayed God to forgive him, and forgave him himself, believ- 
ing that he did it not on purpose ; and with a composed frame 
of spirit, desired them that bewailed him not to weep, but pray 
for him and his flock. He comforted his sorrowful spouse, and 
expired within an hour. 

[ * Mr. Andrew Oardiner, who graduated at Harvard College in 1696, and was invited to settle in the miniNtry, 
At Lancaster, in May, 1701, but probably had not been ordained. Vol. 1 N. H. HUl. Soc. col.] 

4 



35 ileui^alloto's Intrian Wiaxs. 

The Indian harvest being now gathered, and the winter ap- 
proaching, the enemy, like beasts of prey, retired to their pri- 
vate cells : but concluding it necessary to discover their head 
quarters, it was resolved that Col. Hilton, with two hundred and 
seventy men, should go to Narridgewalk * with twenty days' 
provision: at which time the country appeared like a frozen 
lake, the snow four feet deep ; yet neither officers nor soldiers 
were in the least discouraged ; but when they came unto the fort, 
could not discover the least step of an Indian, only a few de- 
serted wigwams, and a large chapel, with a A^estry at the end 
of it which they set on fire. 

The winter season requiring snow shoes, an express was sent 
Col. Patrick to supply the frontiers therewith, which he no sooner 
forwarded, but the express was intercepted by a Montreal scout, 
who robbed him of fifty pounds that he had in his pocket, which 
at their return they presented to the Governor, who converted it 
into a bowl, and called it by the name of the New-England gift. 

Early in the spring, Capt. Larraby was ordered to cruise on 
the shore of L'Accadia, and defeat the French ft'om their fish- 
ery, having Whale-boats to attend him : Capt. Fowle was also 
dispatched in a sloop of war, who on the northward of Cape Sa- 
bles took a small vessel formerly belonging to the English, 
which had cattle and sheep on board her. Soon after he took 
five prisoners at Port Rosua,f and three at L'Have, burnt a 
few houses, and killed some cattle ; but the inhabitants were so 
miserably poor, and their circumstances so desperate, that they 
rather chose to be prisoners among the English, than at liberty 
among the French. 

May the 4th, 1705, Capt. Hill, who was formerly taken at 

[ * Norridgewock. This name has been subject to as many methods of spelling as its neighbor, Androscoggin . 
It was an ancient celebrated Indian town, on the Kennebeck Eiver, about 84 miles from its mouth, by the course 
of the river. Sullivan, p. 31 — 32.] 

[ t Probably Port-Roieway.] 



^mtallob's Entrian M:ars. 39 



Wells and carried to Canada, was frona thence sent by Mon- 
sieur Yaudriell, to concert the exchange of prisoners, who ad- 
vised of one hundred and seventeen that were then with him, 
and about seventy more with the Indians ; which unexpected 
news was very reviving to the dejected spirits of their mournful 
friends, considering the many deaths they escaped in their 
captivity. 

Upon the advice hereof, Capt. Levinston was sent to Canada, 
to capitulate about the matter, and after him Capt. Appleton, 
and Mr. Sheldon (with seventy prisoners of theirs) who went 
by water, having ordered a scout before of ten men by land to 
advise of their coming, that so our prisoners might be in readi- 
ness. But the Jesuits and Friars had by this time so influenced 
the Grovernor, as to cause him to break his word of honor, 
pretending, that as the Indians were independent and a free 
born people, that he had no power to demand any captives of 
them ; when at the same time they were so much in subjection 
and vassalage unto him, that they never formed an enter- 
prise without him, neither did they dare to attempt it without 
his knowledge. 

jSTow, although the expense and industry of our commission- 
ers in this affair was very great, yet notwithstanding they could 
not obtain above sixty captives out of one hundred and eighty- 
seven, which was scandalously base and dishonorable in that 
government. 

The descent that the enemy again made on Newfoundland, 
was more terrible and surprising than the former ; for on Jan- 
uary 21st, at break of day. Monsieur Supercass, Governor of 
Placentia, came with five hundred and fifty French from Can- 
ada, Port-Royal, and other places adjacent, and a company of 
Salvages, of whom Assacombuit was chief; who ransacked and 
laid waste all the southern settlements in a few days, and then 



40 ?3enf)allotD's IiiDian Wiax^. 

fell on St. John's, where in the space of two hours all were be 
come prisoners of war, excepting those in the castle and fort." 
The night before the enterprise, they were obliged to lie on a bed 
of snow, six feet deep, for fear of being discovered, which caused 
such cold and numbness in the joints of several, that the Gren- 
eral vowed revenge, and accordingly executed his resentment, for 
that he destroyed all before him, and gave no quarter for some 
time, till Monsieur Boocore, who was a gentleman of more hu- 
manity, did interpose and abate his fury. The number that 
they took alive was one hundred and forty, whom they sent unto 
the garrison, not out of pity to the prisoners, but with a design 
to starve the whole. After that, they laid close seige to the gar- 
rison and fort, which continued thirty days without relief ; (ex- 
cepting three who made their escape to the former, and seven- 
teen to the latter.) In the fort were only forty men under the 
command of Capt. Moody, and twelve in the castle under Capt. 
Lotham, who behaved themselves with such bravery, that they 
slighted all manner of tenders that were made them of surren- 
dering, with the highest contempt imaginable. 

Upon this, the enemy committed many barbarities, and sent 
several threatenings ; but they had no influence either on offi- 
cers or soldiers, for they plied their bombs and mortar-pieces 
to so good effect, that they killed several, and lost but three in 
the whole engagement. 

After this, they steered to Consumption Bay, having first 
demolished all the English settlements in Trinity and Bona- 
vista, where they burnt their stages and boats, and laid a contri- 
bution besides upon the inhabitants. From thence they went 
to Carboneer, where they met with some repulse, and finding 
their provision fall short, they sent a further number unto the 
fort, reserving the most skilful and able fishermen for them- 
selves until the succeeding spring. 



During this time, our frontiers at home were greatly infested. 
At Spruce Creek, in Kittery, they killed five and took as many 
more ; among the slain was Mrs. Hoel, a gentlewoman of good 
extract and education ; but the greatest sufferer was Enoch 
Hutchins, in the loss of his wife and children. Three weeks af- 
ter, John Rogers was dangerously wounded, and at a little dis- 
tance, James Toby was shot by another party. From thence 
they went westward, and took a Shallop which belonged to Pas- 
cataqua. Our seacoast at the same time Was disrested by pri- 
vateers, particularly by Capt. Crepoa, who notwithstanding our 
cruisers that were then out, took seven vessels, besides a sloop, 
and carried them all to Port Royal, excepting the latter, which 
was retaken by Capt. Harris at Richmond's Island. 

About the same time Michael Royal, a fisherman belonging 
to Marblehead, as he went ashore for wood off Cape Sables, was 
barbarously cut in pieces. On the 15th of October following, 
eighteen Indians fell on Cape Neddick, where they took four 
children of Mr. Stover's at a little distance from the garrison. 
The youngest not able to travel, was knocked on the head, the 
other three were carried captive ; but being attacked by Lieut. 
March, and losing one of their company, they killed a second 
child in way of revenge.* 

During the winter, little or no spoil was done on any of our 
frontiers ; the enemy being so terrified by reason of snow-shoes 
(which most of our men were skillful in) that they never at- 
tempted coming at such a season after. 

But as the spring came on, April 27th, 1706, a small body 
fell on an out-house in Oyster River, where they killed eight, 
and wounded two. The garrison which stood near, had not a 
man in it at that time ; but the women, who assumed an Ama- 



[ '■' On the same day, Thomas Sawyer and his son Eliaa Sawyer, and John Bigle were taken captive from 
Lancaster. — Harrington's Cent. Serm. ] 

4* 



42 iPeni^allob's Intrian Wiaxs, 

zonian courage, seeing nothing but death before them, advanced 
the watch-box, and made an alarm. They put on hats, with 
their hair hanging down, and fired so briskly that they struck 
a terror in the enemy, and they withdrew without firing the 
house, or carrying away much plunder. The principal sufferer 
at this time, was John Wheeler, who thinking them to be friend 
Indians, unhappily fell under their fury. Two days after, Mr. 
Shapleigh and his son, as they were travelling through Kittery, 
were ambushed by another party, who killing the father, took 
the son and carried him to Canada. In their march, they were 
so inhumanely cruel, that they bit off the tops of his fingers, 
and to stagnate the blood, seared them with hot tobacco pipes. 

June the 1st, Mr. Walker, being loaded with provisions from 
Connecticut, was chased by a French privateer, which to avoid, 
he ran ashore in his boat ; and as he hastened to Rhode-Island, 
made an alarm all round. The Government there was so ex- 
peditious, that in a few hours (by beat of drum) one hundred 
men well equipped, voluntarily entered on board of two sloops, 
under the command of Major Wanton and Captain Paine, who 
next day became masters of the prize, wherein were thirty-seven 
men under the command of Capt. Ferrel, bound for Port Royal, 
but in his way was obliged to cruise on the N^ew-England coast. 

The year after they did another brave exploit, in taking a 
sloop from Placentia, with four guns, four Patteraroes, and forty- 
nine men, which undoubtedly prevented great mischief that oth- 
erwise would have befallen us. 

Upon the advice of many English captives that were now at 
Port Royal, Capt. Rouse of Charlestown was sent with a flag of 
truce ; who after an unusual stay, returned but with seventeen, 
saying that the French detained them. He fell under a severe sus- 
picion of carrying on a secret trade with the enemy, which grew 
upon his second going, when he brought but seven back with him. 



The Greneral Assembly which was then sitting, with the coun- 
try throughout, were thrown hereby into a great ferment, con- 
sidering the vast charge and eifusion of blood. He was in- 
dicted for traitorous corresjoondence with the enemy. Others 
at the same time, like snakes in the grass, or moles under 
ground, were as industrious to evade it, and to put a different 
gloss on all his actions. 

Quid non Mortalia pectora Cogis 

Auri sacra fames ? 

And yet it has been generally remarked from the beginning 
of time here, that those who have been Indian traders, and 
seemingly got much, have sensibly decayed, and many of them 
become victims to their bloody cruelty. A proclamation was 
issued forth to apprehend all such as were suspected : several 
hereupon were seized, and others vehemently suspected, who 
did what they could to extenuate the crime, and to get the in- 
dictment altered from that of Treason, unto High Misdemeanor. 
At last a court of Oyer and Terminer was called, and fines were 
imposed, besides the prison fees. 

How far these unhaj^j^y Measures tended to increase our 
troubles, is obvious to an impartial eye, if we consider how they 
supplied the enemy with powder, shot, iron, nails, and other ma- 
terials of war. 

The advice of Colonel Schuyler from time to time was of em- 
inent service unto the country, who advised of two hundred and 
seventy men that were coming upon us. Their first descent was 
on Dunstable, the third of July, where they fell on a garrison 
that had twenty troopers posted in it,* who by their negligence 

[*They had been ranging the woods in the vicinity, and came towards night to this garrison ; apprehending 
no danger, turned their horses loose upon the interval, piled their arms and harness in the house, and began a 
carousal, to exhilerate their spirits after the fatigues of the day. A party of Indians had lately arrived in the 
vicinity, and on that day had designed to attack both Wells' and Galusha's garrisons. One of their number had 
been stationed to watch each of these houses, to see that no assistance approached, and no alarm was given. A 
short time previous to the approach of the cavalry, the Indian stationed at Wells' had retired to his party, and 



44 }Pmf)allob's Indian Wiaxs. 

and folly, keeping no watch, suffered them to enter, which tended 
to the destruction of one half of their number. After that a 
small party attacked Daniel Gralusha'sf house, who held them 
play for some time, till the old man's courage failed ; when on 
surrendering himself, he informed them of the state of the gar- 
rison, how that one man was killed and only two men and a 
"boy left, which caused them to rally anew, and with greater 
courage than before. Uj)on which one with the boy got out on 
the back side, leaving only Jacob to fight the battle, who for 
sometime defended himself with much bravery ; but overpow- 
ered with force, and finding none to assist him, was obliged to 
quit it and make his escape as well as he could ; but before he 
got far, the enemy laid hold of him once and again, and yet by 
much struggling he rescued himself Upon this they burnt the 

reported that all waa safe. At sunset, a Mr. Cumings and his wife went out to milk their cows, and left the gate 
open. The Indians, who had advanced undiscovered, started up, shot Mrs. Cumings dead upon the spot, and 
wounded her husband. They then rushed through the open gate into the house, with all the horrid yells of con- 
quering saviiges, but stared with amazement on finding the room filled with soldiers merrily feasting. Both par- 
ties were completely amazed, and neither acted with much propriety. The soldiers, so suddenly interrupted in 
their jovial entertainment, found themselves called to fight, when entirely destitute of arms, and incapable of ob- 
taining them. The greater iiart were panic-struck, and unable to fight or fly. Fortunately, all were not in this 
sad condition : some six or seven courageous souls, with chairs, clubs, and whatever they could seize upon, furi- 
ously attacked the advancing foe. The Indians who were as much surprised as the soldiers, had but little more 
courage than they, and immediately took to their heels for safety ; thus yielding the house, defeated by one quar- 
ter their number of unarmed men. The trumpeter, who was in the upper part of the house at the commence- 
ment of the attack, seized his trumpet and began sounding an alarm, when he was shot dead by an Indian on the 
stairway. He was the only one of the party killed. 

The savages, dissappointed in this part of their plan, immediately proceeded to Galusha's, two miles distant ; 
took possession of, and burnt it. One woman only escaped. Had the company at Wells', armed and immediately 
pursued, they might probably have prevented this disaster ; but they spent so much time in arming and getting 
their horses, that the enemy had an opportunity to perpetrate the mischief and escape uninjured. 

The woman above mentioned, when the Indians attacked the house, sought refuge in the cellar, and concealed 
herself under a dry cask. After hastily plundering the house, and murdering, as they supposed, all who were 
in it, the Indians set it on fire and immediately retired. The woman in this critical situation, attempted to es- 
cape by the window, but found it too small : she however succeeded in loosening the stones till she had opened a 
hole sufficient to admit of her passage, and with the house in flames over her head, she forced herself out, and 
crawled into the bushes, not daring to rise for fear she should be discovered. In the bushes she lay concealed un- 
til the next day, when she reached one of the neighboring garrisons. 

Cumings, at Wells' garrison, had his arm broken, but was so fortunate as to reach the woods while the Indians 
were engaged in the house. That night he lay in a swamp in the northerly part of what at present constitutes 
the town of Tyngsborough, about one quarter of a mile west of the great road as it now runs, and a few rods south 
of the state line. The next daj' he arrived at the garrison near the residence of the late Col. Tyng. — Farmer <fc 
Moore's Collections, vol. II. pp. 303, 301. ] 
[ t Galeucia's in the copy. ] 



53enf)alloto's InUan Wiax^. 45 



house;* and next day, about forty more fell on Amesbury, 
where they killed eight ; two, at the same time, who were at 
work in a field, hearing an outcry hastened to their relief ; but 
being pursued, ran to a deserted house in which were two flank- 
ers, where each of them found an old gun, but neither of them 
fit for service ; and if they were, had neither powder nor shot 
to load with : however, each took a flanker, and made the best 
appearance they could, by thrusting the muzzles of their guns 
outside the port-holes, crying aloud, "here they are, but do not 
fire till they come nearer ;" which put the enemy into such a 
fright that they instantly drew ofl". 

From thence they went to Kingston, where they killed and 
wounded several cattle. About the same time, Joseph English,f 
who was a friend Indian, going from Dunstable to Chelmsford, 
with a man and his wife on horse-back, was shot dead, the wo. 
man taken, but the man made his escape. On the 8th of July, 
five Indians, a little before night, fell on an out-house in Read- 
ing, where they surprized a woman with eight children ; the 
former with the three youngest were instantly dispatched, and 
the other they carried captive ; but one of the children unable 
to travel, they knocked on the head, and left in the swamp 
concluding it was dead, but a while after it was found alive. 
The neighbourhood being alarmed, got ready by the morning 
and coming on their track, pursued them so near that they 

[ <' Wells' garrison, which was in the southerly part of Dunstable, N. H. about half a mile from the state line, 
near James Baldwin's house, ou a place known by the name of the Blanchard farm, east of the great road to 
Boston. Galusha's, was about two miles south-west of this, on Salmon brook, at a place formerly called Glasgow, 
on which Henry Turrell now lives. ] 

[t Jo English, as he was called, was much distinguished for his attachment to the white inhabitants. In a , 
preceding war with the Indians, he had been taken prisoner from the vicinity of Dunstable and carried to Canada, 
from whence, by his shrewdness and sagacity, he effected his escape, with one English captive, and returned to 
his friends in Dunstable. The Indians had for a long time endeavoured to retake him, and he was peculiarly ob- 
noxious to them ; and fit the time abovementioned, while he was accompanying Capt. Butterfield and his wife on 
a visit to thyir friends, they pursued him, and just as he was upon the point of gaining a thicket, they shot him 
through the thigh, which brought him to the ground, and they afterwards dispatched him with their toma- 
hawks. Vol. 1 N. H. Hut. Soc. col] 



46 ?3enf)alIotD's Intrian SUKars. 

recovered three of the children, and put the enemy in such a ter- 
ror that they not only quitted their plunder and blankets, but the 
other captive also. Several strokes were afterwards made on 
Chelmsford, Sudbury and G-roton, where three soldiers as they 
were going to public worship, were way-laid by a small party, 
who killed two and made the other a prisoner. 

At Exeter, a company of French Mohawks, who some time 
kept lurking about Capt. Hilton's garrison, took a view of all 
that went in and out: and observing some to go with their 
scythes to mow, laid in ambush till they laid by their arms, and 
while at work, rushed on at once, and by intercepting them 
from their arms, killed four, wounded one, and carried three 
captive ; so that out of ten, two only escaped. A while after, 
two of those that were taken, viz. Mr. Edward Hall, and Sam- 
uel Myals, made their escape ; but the fatigue and difficulty that 
they went through, (besides the terror and fear they were 
under of being taken) was almost incredible ; for in three weeks 
together, they had nothing to subsist on except a few lilly roots, 
and the rhines of trees. 

Several of our captives still remaining among the French and 
Indians, occasioned Mr. Sheldon's going a second time to Can- 
ada with a flag of truce, who at his return brought forty-five, 
and had a prospect of many more, but was prevented by the 
Jesuits. 

As to the treatment of our captives with the French, it was 
as different and as various as their tempers and constitutions. 
Some were mild and pleasant, while others were morose and 
sordid ; but the Indians might as well alter their complexions 
as their constitutions ; for scarce a day passed without some act 
of cruelty, insomuch that all were under a constant martyrdom 
between fear of life and terror of death. 

It would be an endless task to enumerate the various suffer- 



ings that many groaned under, by long marching with heavy 
burdens through heat and cold ; and when ready to faint for 
want of food, they were frequently knocked on the head : teem- 
ing women, in cold blood, have been ript open ; others fastened 
to stakes, and burnt alive ; and yet the finger of God did emi- 
nently appear in several instances, of which I shall mention a 
few. As 

First. Of Rebekah Taylor, who after her return from captiv- 
ity, gave me the following account, viz. 

That when she was going to Canada, on the back of Montreal 
river, she was violently insulted by Sampson, her bloody master, 
who without any provocation was resolved to hang her ; and for 
want of a rope, made use of his girdle, which when he had fas- 
tened about her neck, attempted to hoist her up on the limb of a 
tree (that hung in the nature of a gibbet,) but in hoisting her, 
the weight of her body broke it asunder, which so exasperated 
the cruel tyrant that he made a second attempt, resolved that if 
he failed in that to knock her on the head; but before he had 
power to effect it, Bomaseen came along, who seeing the tragedy 
on foot) prevented the fatal stroke. 

A second was a child of Mrs. Hannah Parsons, of Wells, 
whom the Indians, for want of food, had determined to roast 
alive, but while the fire was kindling, and the sacrifice prepar- 
ing, a company of French Mohawks came down the river in a 
canoe with three dogs, which somewhat revived these hungry 
monsters, expecting to make a feast upon one of them. So soon 
as they got ashore, the child was offered in exchange ; but des- 
pising the offer, they tendered a gun, which was readily ac- 
cepted, and by that means the child was preserved. 

A third was Samuel Butterfield, who being sent to Groton 
as a soldier, was with others attacked as they were gathering in 
the harvest; his bravery was such, that he killed one and 



48 iPentallob^s Jntrian Wiax^. 

wounded another, but being overpowered by strength, was forced 
to submit; and it happened that the slain Indian was a saga- 
more, and of great dexterity in war, which caused matter of la- 
mentation, and enraged them to such a degree that they vowed 
the utmost revenge ; some were for whipping him to death, 
others for burning him alive; but diifering in their sentiments, 
they submitted the issue to the Squaw Widow, concluding she 
would determine something very dreadful, but when the matter 
was opened, and the fact considered, her spirits were so mode- 
rate as to make no other reply than. Fortune L guerre. Upon 
which some were uneasy, to whom she answered, "if by killing 
him, you can bring my husband to life again, I beg you to study 
what death jou please ; but if not, let him be my servant;" which 
he accordingly was, during his captivity, and had favor shewn 
him. 

The state of aifairs still looking with a melancholy aspect, it 
was resolved for a more vigorous prosecution of the war, to 
grant the following encouragement, viz : — 

To regular forces under pay £10 00^ 

To volunteers in service 20 00 

To volunteers without pay 50 00 « 7 

m X r P^i'' ocalp. 

lo any troop or company 

that go to the relief of 

any town or garrison 30 00^ 

Over and above was granted the benefit of plunder, and cap- 
tives of women and children under twelve years of age, which 
at first seemed a great encouragement, but it did not answer 
what we expected. The charge of war was by this time so great, 
that every Indian we had killed or taken, cost the country at 
least a thousand pounds. 

But while they continued in great bodies, they did not com- 
mit the like spoil and rapine (in proportion) as they did in 



smaller. August the 10th, they slew William Pearl of Dover, 
and a little after, took Nathaniel Tibbits. But of all the Indi- 
ans that was ever known since King Philip, never any appeared 
so cruel and inhumane as Assacambuit, that insulting monster, 
who by the encouragement of the French, went over to Paru, 
and being introduced to the king, lifted up his hand in the most 
arrogant manner imaginable, saying, " this hand of mine has 
slain one hundred and fifty of your Majesty's enemies, within 
the territories of New-England," &c. Which bold and impu- 
dent speech was so pleasing to that bloody monarch, that he 
forthwith knighted him, and ordered eight livres a day to be 
paid him during life ; which so exalted the wretch (having his 
hands so long imbrued in innocent blood,) as at his return, to 
exert a sovreignty over the rest of his brethren, by murdering 
one, and stabbing another, which so exasperated those of their 
relations, that they sought revenge, and would instantly have 
executed it, but that he fled his country, and never returned 
after. 

January 21st, Colonel Hilton with two hundred and twenty 
men visited the frontiers anew, but the mildness of the winter 
prevented his going so far as he expected : however, in his re- 
turn, near Black Point, he came on an Indian track which he 
pursued, and killed four. At the same time he took a Squaw 
alive with a Papoose at her breast, which he preserved, and she 
was of singular service in conducting him to a body of eighteen, 
who lodged on a neck of land ; about break of day he surprized 
them as they lay asleejD, and slew all but one whom they kept a 
prisoner: but it is strange to think by what winged mercury re- 
ports are often carried. Plutarch, I remember, and other 
writers, have given surprising instances of things transacted at 
such a distance, as have been inconsistent with any human 
conveyance. Witness that of Domitian, two thousand five 



50 ?penf)allob's hxUm fflmars. 

hundred miles in the space of twenty-four hours ; and of Wil- 
liam the conqueror, the news of whose death was conveyed from 
Roan to Rome the day he died, which as historians mention, was 
prius pene quam nunciari jpossit. And to my certain know- 
ledge, on the very morning that Col. Hilton did this exploit, it was 
publickly talked of at Portsmouth in every article, and with lit- 
tle or no variation, although ninety miles distance. 

But all this while we were only cutting off the branches ; the 
French in Canada, and jSTova Scotia, who supply the Indians 
with all necessaries for the war, were the root of all our woe. 

Wherefore, it was resolved to make an enterprize on Nova 
Scotia, under the command of Colonel March, with two regi- 
ments, viz. 

Col. Wainwriglit, "\ Col. Hilton, -v 

Lt. Col. Appleton, f „ , , Lt. Col. Wanton, ( »^, ,, 

TVT • -nr li > of the red. t\t • cj V of the blue. 

Major Walton, f " ^ <="• Major fepencer, C 

Commanders, j Commanders. j 

In three transport ships, five brigantines, and fifteen sloops, 
with whaleboats answerable, having her Majesty's ship the 
Deptford, and the Province Galley to cover them. 

March 13th, 1707, they sailed from Nantasket, and in a fort- 
night after, arrived at Fort Royal gut, where they landed on 
both sides of the river, which the enemy observing, made an 
alarm and retired to the fort with what substance they could 
get. 

Monsieur Supercass, who was the governor, upon rallying his 
forces together, held a short skirmish, but finding too warm a 
reception, (his horse being shot under him) was obliged to re- 
treat. A council of war being called, it was res.olved that the 
artillery should be landed, and their lines forced : but through 
the unfaithfulness of some, and cowardly pretensions of others, 
little was done in annoying the enemy, save killing their cattle, 
burning their mills and out-houses : whereas if the officers on 



i3ent)aUob's Intiian WiaxB. si 



board her Majesty's ship had been true and faithful, matters had 
succeeded to good advantage. But instead of pressing on, 
they did rather clog and hinder the aifair : For, by crafty insin- 
uations, they afterwards obtained a second council, which the 
general not so well weighing as he ought, proved the overthrow 
of the whole design. They voted to return ; whereas if they had 
only kept their ground, and not fired a gun, the enemy must of 
necessity have surrendered or have starved. This was so sur- 
prising, that the whole country was under an amazing ferment, 
and the commander so grossly reflected on, that his spirits sunk, 
and he became of little service ever after : yet to give him his 
character, he was a man of good courage, and a true lover of his 
country. But the business that he undertook, was too weighty 
for his shoulders to bear. So soon as his excellency was apj)rized 
hereof, (who had the honor and interest of his country much at 
heart) he sent strict orders to stay them ; and another ship of 
war, with two companies of fi'esh men to reinforce them ; Col. 
Hutchinson, Col. Townsend, and Mr. Leverett were appointed 
commissioners, to give greater vigor, but the number of desert- 
ers, and disaffected officers overthrew the whole affair. How- 
ever a second attempt was made, which the enemy perceiving, 
called in their auxiliaries both of French and Indians from Me- 
nis, Chignecto,* and all other places adjacent. A privateer and 
some other vessels had also arrived since the withdraw of our 
forces. By their assistance, the enemy had not only strength^ 
ened the fort, but secured their lines ; so that nothing could be 
attempted but by a few encounters, in which Major Walton be- 
haved himself with much bravery, being the only field officer 
then on shore ; who engaged them some time, and at last put 
them to flight, killing and wounding several, among whom was 
the Field-Major. Those that fell on our side were sixteen, and 

['■' Sachenecto, in copy. ] 



52 ^enf)al(ob's Intiian Wiaxs. 

as many more wounded. Our frontiers at home were as much 
disrested as ever : May 22d, they took two at Oyster River, and 
on June 12th, killed one at Groton ; after that they slew William 
Carpenter of Kittery, with his whole family. July 8th, they 
way laid a cart with two men, as they were going from Dover 
to Oyster River, whom they shot dead. Captain Sumersby, 
who was there with his troop, regained the most of the plunder 
that they took. About the same time, Stephen Oilman and 
Jacob his brother, as they were riding from Exeter to Kings- 
ton, were ambushed by another i^arty. The first had his horse 
shot under him, and was in danger of being scalped before he 
could get clear. The other brother had several shot through 
his clothes and one that grazed his belly ; his horse also was 
wounded, yet he defended himself on foot and got into the gar- 
rison. 

At Casco, the Indians intercepted a fishing boat as she was 
sailing between the islands, in which were five men, three of 
whom they killed, and took the other two. August the 10th, 
they way-laid the road between York and Wells, and as four 
horsemen were riding in company with Mrs. Littelfield, who had 
the value of sixty pounds with her, were all slain except one, 
who made his escape. Another company falling on Marlbo- 
rough, encompassed two as they were at work in the field ; one 
which got clear, and the neighborhood meeting together, en- 
gaged them so smartly, that the enemy gave way, leaving 24 
packs behind ; which so exasperated their spirits with the loss 
they sustained, that they slewlthe captive which they had taken. 
On our side two were slain, and two wounded.* 

[* On the 18th of August, 1707, as two women in Northborough, Ma. were out a short distance from the fort 
gathering herbs, the Indians discovered and pursued them. One Mrs. Mary Fay got safe into the fort; the other, 
Mary Goodenow, a young and unmarried woman, was taken and carried over the brook into the edge of Marlbo- 
rough, and there, a little soutli of the great road, and nigh to Sandy Hill, she was killed and scalped. The enemy 
were pursued and overtaken in what is now Sterling, where an obstinate engagement took place, in which John 
Farrar and Richard Singletary, were killed. The Indians at length fled, leaving some plunder and some of their 
packs, in one of which the scalp of Mary Goodenow was found. See Whilney't Hitt. of Worcetter, p. 274.] 



At Exeter, one was killed near the meeting-house ; and two 
days after, another * at Kingston, but the most afflicting stroke 
that befel us this season was at Oyster River, where thirty 
French Mohawks, who appeared like so many furies with their 
naked bodies painted like blood, and observing some at work in 
hewing of timber, and others driving a team, they fell violently 
upon them with such hideous noise and yelling as made the 
very woods to echo. At the first shot, they killed seven, and 
mortally wounded another, upon which Capt. Chesley, (who had 
signally behaved himself in many encounters) with a few that 
were left, fired on them with great vigor and resolution, and for 
some time gave a check to their triumphing ; but the enemy be- 
ing too powerful, soon overcame him, to the great lamentation 
of all that knew him. 

It being now the height of Indian harvest, they dispersed 
themselves into all parts, and did considerable mischief; but 
having something more than ordinary in view, they beset Win- 
ter Harbor, and on September 21st, with one hundred and fifty 
men, in fifty canoes, attemj^ted the taking of two shallojDS as they 
lay at anchor, in which were Capt. Austin, Mr. Harmon, Ser- 
geant Cole, and five men more with a boy, who perceiving their 
intention, suffered them to paddle till they had got near, and 
then fired, which put them into great confusion. But they soon 
recovered themselves, and fired on our men with such resolu- 
tion, as made them to quit one of their boats by cutting their roads 
and lashings ; and no sooner had they taken possession thereof, 
but they got their mainsail atrip before that our men could get 
up theirs half mast high, and then put out their oars, which they 
joined with paddles on each side ; but having no fargood, and 
their boat a dull sailor, ours gained on them so much, that they 
got twelve or thirteen canoes ahead, with fishing lines to tow 

[-= Henry Elkias, Sept. 15, 1707.] 

5* 



\ 



54 iPenftallob^s hxtjia n WL^s. 

them. But a breeze springing up, and the enemy making too 
near the wind (for want of a fargood) came to stays several 
times, in so much that they fell a quarter of a mile astern. But 
the rest of the canoes kept on firing, and our men on them for a 
considerable time together. The only man we lost was Ben- 
jamin Daniel, who was shot through the bowels, soon after they 
came to sail ; at his fall he said, "/am a dead man /" yet recov- 
ering himself a little, added ^^Let me kill one before I dieT but 
he had not strength to fire. 

The engagement held about three hours, in which the Eng- 
lish spent about five pounds of powder, and when the enemy 
ceased their chase, they had not above a quarter of a pound left. 
The Indians were so bold and daring, as to attempt to take hold 
of the blades of their oars, as they were rowing. The number of 
them that fell was then unknown, because of a continued cloud 
of smoke ; but it was affirmed, that nine were slain, and twice 
as many wounded. After this, a small scout appeared at Ber- 
wick, where they killed two, as they returned from worship ; 
upon which, some of the inhabitants, who were acquainted with 
their walk, lay in wait, and making the first discovery, fired to 
good advantage ; which put them into so great a consternation, 
that they dro2:>ped their packs, in which were three scalps, sup- 
posed to be some of those which a little before, were taken at 
Oyster River. The winter season afforded a little respite ; but 
on April 22, 1708, Lieut. Littlefield of Wells, with Joseph Winn, 
as they were travelling to York, were surrounded by a small 
body ; the latter made his escape, but the other was carried to 
Quebec, who, being a skilful engineer, especially in water 
works, did them great service. 

About this time, eight hundred French and Indians were 
forming a desperate design against us, but on a division among 
themselves, fell short of the mischief they designed us. How- 



^mftalloiD^s iittJian Mats. 55 



ever, one hundred and fifty, on August 29th, at break of day, 
fell on Haverhill, and passing by the garrisons got into the very 
centre of the town, before they were discovered. They at- 
tempted to fire the Meeting-House, and after that, did burn 
several houses near it. Major Turner, Capt. Price, and Capt. 
Gardner, were happily there at that time, and rallied together 
what forces they could; but most of their men being posted in 
remote garrisons, were unable to assist them. However, with 
such as*they could get together, they faced the enemy with 
much bravery, and in less than an hour, put them all to flight, 
leaving nine of their dead, and carrying oif several that were 
wounded. But the slain on our side were thrice as many, by 
reason of the surprize that they at first were in ; among whom, 
was the Rev. Mr. Rolfe,* the worthy minister of that town, 
with Capt. Wainwright.f 

A while after, James Hays, of Amesbury, was taken, and one 
at Brookfield ; they also killed Robert Read and David Hutch- 
ins of Kittery. 

Colonel Hilton again marched toward their head quarters 
with one hundred and seventy men at Amassaconty, Pigwacket, 
and other places adjacent; but after a long and tedious march, 
could make no discovery. 

On April 12th, 1709, a scout fell on Deerfield, and took Me- 
human Hinsdell, as he was driving a cart, which was the sec- 
ond time of his captivity. And on May 6th, another party with- 
in three miles of Exeter, surprized several as they were going 
to a saw-mill, among whom were Mr. William Moody, Samuel 
Stevens, and two of Mr. Jeremiah Gilman's sons, whom they 
carriid captive.J A few days after, Capt. Wright of Nort h- 

[ * Rev. Benjamin Rolfe graduated at Haryard College, 1GS4 ; was ordained in Hayerhill, in Jan. im.-SaL 

tomtall's Bift. Haverhill] 

[ + October26, 1708, E. Field was killed in Deerfield.] . t.v,„ WpIU 

rt Soon after, Bartholomew Stephenson was killed at Oyster River. In May, this year, Lieut. John Welle 

and John Burt were lost in a skirmish with the enemy. They belonged to J>eerm±-Append^ to WUham, 

Narrative. ] 



56 )Peuf)allob^s Jntrian Wiau. 

ampton, with several English, and two ISTatick Indians, adven- 
turing to the lake, within forty miles of fort La' Motte, killed 
and wounded two or three of the French Mohawks; and on 
their return up French river, met with another body of the ene- 
my in canoes, on whom they fired, and overset, killed and 
Wounded several of them. In this company, was William 
Moody before mentioned, who being now alone with but one In- 
dian in a canoe, was encouraged by the English to kill said In- 
dian, and make his escape. Which he attempted, but overset 
the canoe in the struggle, and then Moody swam towards the 
English for relief. Whereupon, Lieut. John Wells, with one or 
two more, ran down the bank and helped him ashore. In the 
mean time, a number of the enemy came to the bank, and 
wounded John Strong, and killed the Lieutenant, who had been a 
man of very good courage, and well spirited to serve his country, 
and so the loss of him was much lamented. Hereupon, Moody 
unhappily resigned himself again into the enemy' shands ; who 
most inhumanly tortured him, by fastening him unto a stake, 
and roasting him alive, whose flesh they afterwards devoured. 
Our men considering they were so far in the Indians' country, 
and like to be encompassed, were forced to make a running fight. 
So scattering in the woods, lost John Burt, who was supposed to 
perish with hunger. 

The town of Deerfield, which had suffered so much spoil be- 
fore by Monsieur Artell, was, on June 23d, obliged to a new en- 
counter by Monsieur Ravell, his son-in-law, who, with one hun- 
dred and eighty French and Indians, expected to lay all desolate. 
But the town being alarmed, they valiantly resistecl, with the loss 
only of one man and another wounded.* After that, the enemy 
killed two at Brookf ield, one at Wells, and took another captive. 

['■'Joseph ClessoQ and John Armes wera taken from Deerfield, June 22, 1709, and the next day Jonathan 
Williams was killed and Matthew Clesson mortally wounded. Lieut. Thomas Taylor and Isaac Moulton, were 
also wounded, but recovered. — \ol. 1 N. B. Hist. Soc. col.'\ 



?Peuf)aIlob^s liitrian WiaxB. 57 



Col. Vetch, who was now in England, and well acquainted 
with the continent of America, was very sensible that the re- 
duction of Canada was of absolute necessity, for subduing the 
Indians ; upon which, he laid a plan of the whole country be. 
fore some of the chief ministers of state, representing every 
thing in its true light. Gen. Nicholson added all his interest 
to the motion made by Col. Vetch, and between them they ob- 
tained a promise for sufficient forces both by sea and land, for 
the conquest of Canada. They arrived early in the spring, with 
her Majesty's royal commands and instructions to the governors 
of the several provinces, to furnish their respective quotas. To 
such as should offer volunteers, they presented a good firelock, 
cartouch-box, flints, ammunition, a coat, hat and shirt, with an 
assurance of her Majesty's princely favour unto all such as 
should distinguish themselves. 

Upon this, several the governors contributed their utmost as- 
sistance; and considering that New- York (with the adjacent 
places) lay nearest the Lake, it was resolved that Col. Nicholson 
should command the several troops, from thence for the attack- 
ing of Montreal, while Col. Vetch was preparing to head the 
forces by sea. 

But it often happens in the course of Divine Providence, that 
when our expectations are at the highest, things come to no- 
thing. For while our forces w^ere ready, and after a vast ex- 
pense by long waiting, there was a stop at home from any fur- 
ther proceeding for that time ; which occasioned Col. Nicholson 
to embark again for England, to revive the expedition, if pos- 
sible. But such was the importance of affairs then on foot, 
that, notwithstanding his indefatigable care and pains, he could 
not effect it. However, he obtained a sufficient force for the 
reduction of Port Royal and Nova Scotia, which was so preju- 
dicial to our fishery and merchandize. 



58 ?Penl)allob's Intrian Wiaxs. 

Its situation is from 43 to 51 degrees of north latitude, and is 
part of the Terra Canadensis,* whose bounds are, the Atlantic 
Ocean on the north, Breton Island and the bay of St. Lawrence 
to the east, Canada the west, and JSTew-England to the south ; 
whose first seizure was by Sir Sebastian Cabot, for the crown of 
Great-Britain, in thereign of king Henry the seventh ; but 
lay dormant till the year 1621. In which time, Sir William 
Alexander, who was then one of the Secretaries of State for 
Scotland, and afterwards Earl of Sterling, had a patent for it 
from king James, where he settled a colony and f)ossessed it 
some years. After that, Sir David Kirk was proprietor as well 
as governor, but did not enjoy it long ; for to the surprize of all 
thinking men, it was given up unto the French ; but Oliver, who 
had a foreseeing eye of the danger that would ensue unto the 
British interest, from its being in the hands of so potent an ene- 
mv, re-took it in the year 1654, and in no after treaties would be 
persuaded to surrender it: yet, in 1662, it was again given up, 
unto the shame and scandal of the English. 

Monsieur Maneval was then made governor, who built a 
small fort at Port-Royal, which lies on the edge of a basin one 
league broad, and two long, about sixteen foot of water on one 
side, and six or seven on the other, where the inhabitants drove 
a considerable trade, and increased much in the adjacent parts, 
till Sir William Phips in the year 1690, took possession of it in 
the name of king William and Queen Mary, and administered 
the oaths of allegiance to the inhabitants ; but in a little time 
they revolted. Col. Mcholson arrived at Boston, July 1st, 1710, 
in her majesty's ship Dragon, attended by the Falmouth and a 
bombship, with several transports, British officers, a regiment of 
marines, provisions, and stores of war ; bringing with him her 
majesty's royal command to the several governors of the Mas- 

[ * The former name of Canada.— See GordoiVi Geography. ] 



^Penftalloto's Intiian Wiaxs. 59 



sachusetts, New-Hampshire, Connecticut and Rhode-Island, to be 
the assisting in said expedition ; who very readily obeyed and 
simpplied their respective quotas of good effective men, with 
transports, provision, stores of war, pilots, chaplains, chirur- 
geons, and all necessaries for the service. 

Col. Nicholson was appointed general and commander in chief, 
who embarked, September 18th, from Nantasket, having with 
him her majesty's ship the Dragon, commodore Martyn, ; the 
Falmouth, Capt. Riddle ; the Lowstaff, Capt. Grordon ; the Fe- 
versham, Capt. Pastor ; the Province G-alley, Capt. Southack ; the 
Star Boom, Capt Rochfort. Besides tenders, transports, hos- 
pitals, store-ships, and twenty-five lesser vessels, with open 
floats for carrying boards and necessaries for the cannon. The 
land forces consisted of five regiments of foot, whereof Col. 
Vetch was Adjutant-General, Sir Charles Hobby, Col. Walton, 
Col. Tailer, Col. Whiting,* and Col. Reading, had commissions 
sent them from the Queen. The wind proving fair, they all 
safe arrived in six days, excepting Capt. Taye, who at his en- 
tering into the Gut was lost with twenty-five men. Next day, 
a council of war was held, and several detachments ordered to go 
ashore, and view the ground for the better landing and pitching 
their camp. Col. Reading and Col. Rednap, with a company of 
marines, were appointed on the south side of the river where 
the fort stood, and supported with one hundred and fifty men 
more, under the command of Major Mullens ; at the same time 
Col. Vetch, Col. Walton, Major Brown, Capt. Southack, and 
engineer Forbes, landed on the north side with a company of 
grenadiers, commanded by Capt. Mascareen. After this, orders 
were given to land the whole army, w^hich was done by four 
o'clock, in the afternoon. The fort fired on them, bnt did no 

[ * Col. Joseph Whiting was from Connecticut. He graduated at Harvard College in 1690, — MS. of W. Win- 
throp, Esq. ] 



60 lirnfjallob^s intimx m.axs. 

damage. In the evening, the bomb-ship came up, and saluted 
them with seven shells, which number the fort returned, but 
without execution. On Thursday, the twenty-sixth, at break of 
day, the General marched with the army on the south side, the 
marines in the front. Col. Reading at their head. Col. Whiting's 
regiment in the centre, sir Charles Hobby in the rear, and Ma- 
jor Levingston with a party of Indians flanking the body in their 
march. Towards evening, the fort fired very smartly, and so 
did the French and Indians with their small arms, as they lay 
behind the fences, who killed three of our men. Upon landing 
the stores, which were brought up in the night, the enemy dis- 
charged several times from the fort. JN^ext day, we mounted 
some of our guns, and made preparations to bring up the flat 
bottom boats, with the artillery and ammunition. In the even- 
ing, our bomb-ship came up again, and threw thirty-six shells 
into the fort, which put them into such an amazing terror, as 
brought to my mind the saying of the poet — 

The slaughter-breathing brass grew hot, and spoke 

In flames of lightning, and in clouds of smoke. 

After that, Lieut. Col. Ballantine with his company from the 
fleet, and Col. Go^e from Col. Yetch on the north, with four 
companies more, came to the General's camp ; every regiment 
was now preparing for further engagements, the cannon being 
all landed. Lieut. Col. Johnson, with three hundred, was or- 
dered to cut fascines, the boats being constantly emj^loyed in 
going and coming with provisions and all sorts of warlike stores. 
On Friday, the twenty-ninth, two French officers, a fort major, 
sergeant and drummer, came out of the fort, with a flag of 
truce, and a letter from Monsieur Supercast unto the General, 
respecting some gentlewomen that were terrified at the noise of 
bombs, praying his protection, and that no incivility or abuse 
might be done them, which was granted. Next day, the 



sentinels of our advanced guards, discovered some of the ene- 
my near the woods, whom they pursued, and took Capt. Allein a 
prisoner. October 1st, the great guns were placed on three bat- 
teries ; the mortars were also planted, and twenty-four cohorts 
at a little distance from the outward barrier of the fort. These 
all played upon the fort with good effect ; the French, at the 
same time, tiring their great guns and mortars upon us. The 
General sent Col. Tailer and Capt. Abbercromby with a sum- 
mons to Monsieur Supercast, the governor, to deliver up the 
fort for the Queen of Great Britain, as her undoubted right. 
The answer which he returned was soft, only desiring a capitu- 
lation with some of the principal officers on each side, which 
was granted ; and thereupon a cessation of arms. Next day 
the articles of capitulation were drawn up and signed by Gene- 
ral Nicholson and the Governor. Upon this, several compli- 
ments passed upon each side, which were sent by major Handy 
the Aid-de-Camp. And on October 5th, the fort was delivered 
up. Upon which Major Abbercromby, with two hundred men, 
five captains, and eight subalterns, were ordered to take pos- 
session thereof. Capt. Davidson marched first at the head of 
fifty grenadiers : Major Abbercromby, Capt. JNIascareen, Capt. 
Bartlett, Capt. x\dams, and Capt. Lyon, followed in their proper 
stations ; the General, with Col. Vetch on hisright hand, and Sir 
Chnrles Hobby on the left; with Monsieur Bonaventure and 
D'Gouten who were hostages ; and then the field officers, with a 
great many others advanced to the Fort, where the French Gov- 
ernor met them half way on the bridge, with Col. Reading, and 
Capt. Matthews, who were hostages on our side, and compli- 
mented him in these words. 

" Sir, I am very sorry for the King, my master, in losing so 
bi-ave a Fort, and the territories adjoining ; but count myself 
happy in falling into the hands of one so noble and generous, 



62 iaenf)alloto's Intrian Wiars. 

and now deliver up the keys of the Fort, and all the magazine 
into your hands, hoj^ing to give you a visit next spring." 
Which Keys the General immediately delivered to Col. Vetch, 
as Governor of the Fort, by virtue of her majesty's instructions : 
whereupon Monsieur Supercast, with his officers and troops 
marched out with drums beating, colours flying, and guns 
shouldered ; each paying their respects to the General, as they 
passed by ; and then our army entered the Fort, hoisted the 
union flag and drank the Queen's health, firing all the guns 
round the Fort, as likewise did the men of war, and other ves- 
sels in the River. 

On the success of these her Majesty's arms, a day of thanks- 
giving was solemnized, and agreeable to the articles of capitula- 
tion, three vessels were appointed, to transport the soldiers un- 
to France, being two hundred and fifty eight ; who besides the 
common allowance, had a considerable stock of wine, brandy, 
sugar, spice, and other things, with a j)lentiful supply for the 
late Governor. After this, a council of war was called, who re- 
solved, that Major Levinston, with St. Casteen, and three In- 
dian guides, should go to the Governor of Canada, about the ex- 
change of captives, and inform him how matters were here. 
Their first arrival was at Penobscot, St. Casteen's house, who 
courteously entertained him. From thence they went to the 
island of Lett, where they met with fifty canoes, and twice as 
many Indians, besides women and children ; there were two Eng- 
lish j)risoners, taken a little before at Winterharbor. Two days 
after, one of the prisoners made his escape from an island where 
he was hunting with his master, carrying with him both his ca- 
noe and gun, and left him behind ; which so exasperated the 
wretch, that when he got from thence, and came where Major 
Levinston was, he took him by the throat with his hacthet in his 
hand ready to give him the fatal stroke, had not St. Casteen 



iPeni^alloto's Intrian 51?Eavs- 63 

interposed ; he was however kept prisoner some time, but by 
the prudent management, and mediation of that gentleman, was 
released. November the 4th, they took their departure, and 
next day the Major's canoe overset, drowning one Indian, where 
he also lost his gun and all he had ; after that coming among 
the ice, their canoe was cut to pieces, which obliged them to 
travel the rest of the way by land, through horrible deserts and 
mountains, being often forced to head rivers, and lakes, and 
sometimes knee deep in snow, scarce j^assing a day without ford- 
ing some river or other, which in some places were very rapid 
and dangerous : and for nineteen days together never saw the 
sun, the weather being stormy and full of fogs, and the trees so 
prodigious thick, that in many places it was with difficulty they 
got through, being mostly spruce, and cedar, and the way under 
foot so extreme rocky, that it was almost next to an impossibili- 
ty. At last their provisions ^were wholly spent, so that for six 
days together, they had not one morsel to eat but what they 
scraped off the frozen earth, or off the bark of trees. After 
these unspeakable difficulties, they arrived at Quebec, December 
the sixteenth, where they were handsomely entertained, and 
after some time of refreshment, discoursed about the prisoners. 
The Governor at their return, sent two gentlemen with them to 
Boston, to treat on the same head. Six days homeward, his 
man fell sick, whom he left in a hospital at Troy River.* 
From thence they came to Chamblee, and brought with them 
three birch canoes, being thirteen in number, which canoes they 
carried seventy miles by land through the woods and ice, and 
then passed in them sixty miles by water, crossing the Lake. 
They did not arrive at Albany till February 23. 

Early in the spring, the enemy appeared as insulting as ever. 
The first that fell under their cruelty, was Benjamin Preble of 

[ ''■' Trois Rivieres, In Lower Canada. ] 



64 iPmftallob's inUan Mar^, 

York; but the most affecting and surprising stroke was on Col. 
Hilton of Exeter, who being deeply engaged in the masting 
affair, and having several trees of value that were felled four- 
teen miles up the country, went out with seventeen men to 
peel off the bark for fear of worms : but not being so careful and 
watchful as they ought to be, on July the twenty-second * they 
were ambushed by a body of Indians that were making a de- 
scent upon us. They took two and killed three, whereof the Col- 
onel was one ; which so surprized the rest, (their guns being wet) 
that they all ran without tiring one shot, or making the least 
reprisal. This caused the enemy to triumph, and the more be- 
cause they slew a superior officer, whom they soon scalped, and 
with utmost revenge struck their hatchets into his brains, leav- 
ing a lance at his heart. T^ext day, about a hundred men went 
in pursuit of them, but could not discover any. One of the slain 
was buried on the spot, the other two brought home, where the 
Col. was decently interred, the several troops in great solemnity 
attending his cori5s. He was a gentleman of good temper, 
courage and conduct, respected and lamented by all that knew 
him.f 

After this, the enemy appeared very bold and insolent in the 
town, in open streets, where they carried captive four children 
as they were at play. They then took John Wedgewood, whom 
they carried to Canada, and after that, killed John Magoon, of 
whom one thing is remarkable ; that three nights before, he 
dreamed he should be slain by the Indians, at a certain place 
near his brother's barn ; which place he frequently visited with 
a melancholy countenance, telling several of the neighborhood, 

[ * June 23, 1710, says the monument over hia grave. For a particular memoir of his life, the reader is re- 
ferred to Farmer & Moored Collections, VoJ. I. p. 241, 251. ] 

[ t The same day that Colonel Hilton was killed, a company of Indians who had pretended friendship, who 
had been peaceably conversant with the inhabitants of Kingston, and seemed to be thirsting after the blood 
of the enemy, came into the town and ambushing the road, killed Samuel Winslow and Samuel Hontoon ; they 
also took Philip Huntoou and Jacob Gilman, and carried them to Canaada ; where after some time, they pur- 
chased their own redemption by building a saw-mill for the governor after the English mode. — 1 Belknap, 280.] 



^mftallob's IntJian WLaxB. 65 



that within a little while he should be killed, and pointed to the 
very spot, which fell out accordingly. 

After this, they bent their fury westward, where at Water- 
bury they killed three, and one at Simsbury.* About the 
same time they fell on Brooklield, and then at Marlborough, 
where they shot the post as he was riding to Hadley. From 
thence they went to Chelmsford, where they wounded Major 
Tyng,f who soon after expired ; he was a true lover of his 
country, and had very often distinguished himself a gentleman 
of good valor and conduct. J 

August the 2d, between forty and fifty French and Indians 
fell on Winter-Harbor, where they killed a women and took two 
men, one whereof was Mr. Pendleton Fletcher, which was the 
fourth time of his captivity ; but he was soon redeemed by the 
garrison. The week after, they came with a far superior num- 
ber, killed three, and carried away six, one of the slain they bar- 
barously skinned, and made themselves girdles of his skin The 
last that fell this season, was Jacob G-arland of Cocheco, in his 
returning from publick worship. 

As the winter approached, Colonel Walton was again prepar- 
ing to traverse the eastern shore with an hundred and seventy 
men, being the usual season of visiting their clam banks, where 
one of the enemy very happily fell into his hands as they were 
encamping on an island; for by the smoke that the English 
made, they came near, concluding them to be some of their own 
_ ( - 

[ * These towns are in Connecticut. ] 

[fMajorTyng was wounded by the Indians between Concord and Groton. He was carried to Concord and 

there died. Allen's Hist, of Chelmsford.] 

[t On the 20th July, 1710, six men, Ebenezer Hay ward, John White, Stephen and Benjamin Jennings, John 
Grosvenorand Joseph Kellogg, were making hay in the meadows, when the Indians, who had been watching an 
opportunity to surprize them, sprang suddenly upon them, dispatched five of them, and took the other, John 
White, prisoner. White spying a small company of our people at a distance, jumped from the Indian who held 
him, and ran to join his friends ; but the Indian fired after him, and wounded him iu the thigh, by which he 
fell ; but soon recovered and running again, he was again fired at, and received his death wound. This was the 
last mischief done by the Indians at Brookfield. Whitney'i Hiei. of Worcester, p. 72. ] 

6* 



66 iPnifjallob^s Intrian Wiaxs. 

tribe, but finding themselves deceived, they attempted to escape, 
which om* men prevented. The principal Indian among them 
was Arruhawikwabemt, chief Sachem of Naridgwalk, an active 
bold fellow, and one of an undaunted spirit ; for when they asked 
several questions, he made them no reply, and when they 
threatened him Avith death, he laughed at it with contempt ; 
upon which they delivered him up unto our friend Indians, who 
soon became his executioners ; but when the squaw saw the 
destiny of her husband, she became more flexible, and freely dis- 
covered where each of them encamped. Upon this, they went 
further east, and took three more ; after that, a certain Indian 
(thro' discontent) surrendered himself, and informed of Mauxis 
and several others that were at Penobscot, which our forces had 
regard unto ; and as they returned, went up Saco river, where 
they took two, and killed five more. Now although the num- 
ber that we destroyed of them seems inconsiderable to what 
they did of ours, yet by cold, hunger, and sickness, at least a 
third of them was wasted since the war begun. For as their 
number at first (among the several tribes) were computed four 
hundred and fifty fighting men from Penobscot, westward, they 
were now reduced to about three hundred, which made the old 
men weary of the war, and to covet peace. At Winter harbor, 
they took Corporal Ayers, but soon released him, without offer- 
ing him the least injury, and then went into the fort with a flag 
of truce, professing their desire of a pacification. Yet in a few 
days after, some came in a hostile manner at Cochecho, where 
they slew Thomas Downs, and three more, while at work in the 
field. After that, they went to York, where they killed one and 
wounded another, who afterwards got to the garrison and re- 
ported, that as they were fishing in the pond^ they were way-laid 
by five Indians, one of which ran furiously at him and knocked 
him on the head : after this, they scalped him, and cut him deep in 



iPeuf)allcib's Jntrian WLaxs. 67 

the neck. He perfectly retained his senses, but made not the 
least motion or struggle, and by this means saved his life. 
April, the 29th, the like number appeared at Wells, where they 
killed two men as they were planting corn. After that, they 
slew John Church of Cochecho ; and then way-laid the people 
as they returned from publick worship ; where they wounded 
one,* and laid violent hands on another ;t but upon firing 
their guns, some who were before, returned andr escued the 
prisoner. Upon this. Col. Walton went with two companies of 
men to Ossipee and Winnepiseogee J ponds, being places of 
general resort for fishing, fowling, and hunting ; but saw none, 
only a few deserted wigwams ; for being so closely pursued from 
one place to another, they removed to other nations, leaving 
only a few cut-throats behind, which kept the country in a con- 
stant alarm. 

Col. Nicholson, by the reduction of Port Royal, (which from 
that time bears the name of Annapolis Royal) was but the more 
inflamed with the desire of the conquest of Canada. Where- 
fore upon his return to England, he so efiTectually represented 
to the queen and ministr}^, the great advantage that would ac. 
crue unto the crown thereby, that he obtained orders for a suffi- 
cient force, both by sea and land, with the assistance of the sev- 
eral colonies. And for the better expediting the same, he set 
sail the latter end of April, some time before the fleet, with 
express orders unto the several governors of JSTew-England, 
New- York, the Jerseys, and Philadelphia, to get their quotas of 
men in readiness. He arrived at Boston, on June the eighth, 
1711, to the great joy and satisfaction of the country. A Con- 
gress hereupon was appointed at New-London, being nearest the 
centre, where the several governors met, with a firm resolution 
of carrying on the important affairs. On the 25th, the castle 

[ * John Horn. t Humphrey Fobs. t Winnepisseocay in copy. ] 



68 ^entalloto's Stxtrian a?Iars, 

gave a signal of ships in the bay, which proved to be the fleet : 
upon which the troops of guards, and regiment of foot Were 
under arms to receive them, and as his Excellency was not yet 
returned, the gentlemen of the Council, and others of distinction, 
went to congratulate them. 

Brigadier Hill was Commander in Chief of these her Ma- 
jesty's troops, and Sir Hovenden Walker, Admiral of the fleet, 
which consisted of fifteen men of war, forty transports, a bat- 
talion of marines, and several regiments under Colonel Kirk, 
Colonel Segmore, Brigadier Hill, Colonel Disnee, Colonel Win- 
dress, Colonel Clayton and Colonel Kaine, with upwards of five 
thousand men, who arrived safe in health, and encamped on 
T>foddle's Island, where the General invited the Governor to 
view them under arms. They made the finest appearance that 
was ever yet seen or known in America. Her Majesty, out of 
her royal favor, was also pleased to send six ships, with all man- 
ner of warlike stores, and a fine train of artillery, with forty 
horses to draw the same. 

It is surprising to think how vigorously this expedition was 
forwarded, while at Boston, although a town but of eighty years 
standing, out of a howling wilderness ; yet scarce any town in 
the kingdom (but where stores are laid up before) could have 
efi'ected the same in so short a time. For in less than a month 
the whole army was supplied with ten weeks' provision, and all 
other necessaries that were wanted, besides two regiments of 
our New-England forces, under the command of Colonel Vetch 
and Colonel Walton, who embarked at the same time, in trans- 
ports of our own. On the day that the fleet sailed. Colonel Nich- 
olson set out for New-York, and from thence for Albany, having 
ordered batteaux before, and every thing else on the inland fron- 
tiers, to be in readiness for passing the lake with utmost appli- 
cation. The assembly of New- York raised ten thousand pounds, 



^leni^aUob^s Intrian Wiax^. 



69 



besides their proportion of men, the Jerseys five, and although 
Pennsylvania was not so free of their persons, because of their 
persuasion, yet were as generous in their purse, as any of the 
other colonies in carrying on the expedition. 

Every thing now looked with a smiling aspect of success, 
considering the powerful strength by land and sea, the former 
being as fine regimental troops as any that belonged to the Duke 
of Marlborough's army ; and the latter as serviceable ships as 
any in the whole navy, which for better satisfaction I have here 
inserted. 

The Swiftzure, to lead with starboard. 

The Monmouth, with the larboard tack aboard. 



Ships' Names. 

Swiftzure, 


Josepl: 


Captains. 

L Soans 


Men. 

444 


Guns, 

70 


Sunderland, 

Enterprize, 

Saphire, 




Gore 

Smith 

Cockburn 


365 
190 
190 


60 
40 
40 


Windsor, 
Kingstown, 




Artist 
Winder 


365 
365 


60 
60 


Montague, 




Walton 


165 


60 


Devonshire, 




Cooper 


520 


80 


Edgar, S7\ 


H. Walker 


, Admiral 


470 


70 


Humber 




Colliford 


520 


80 


Dunkirk, 




Rouse 


365 


60 


Fever sham. 




Fasten 


196 


36 


Leopard, 
Chester, 




Cook 
Mathews 


280 
280 


50 
54 


Monmouth, 




Mitchel 


440 


70 



15 15 5351 890 

The first harbor they made after they sailed from Nantasket, 
was Cape Gaspey, from thence they sailed up St. Lawrence 



70 laenftallob^s Intrian Wiax^. 

river, until they got up off the Virgin Mountains ; the weather 
then proving foggy, and the wind freshening, the Admiral asked 
the pilots what was best to do ? who advised that as the fleet 
was on the north shore, it would be best to bring to, with 
their heads unto the southward, but he obstinately refusing, 
acted the reverse, and ordered their heads unto the north, which 
was so astonishing unto the pilots, that one and another fore- 
told their fear (unto the officers) and the destiny that would at- 
tend them before the morning; which accordingly fell out. For 
at one of the clock, nine ships, with 1500 men were all cast 
ashore, and most of the rest in as eminent danger ; but so soon 
as the former struck, they fired their guns, which gave caution 
to the rest, some of which wore, and stood off ; others were so 
encompassed by the breakers that they were obliged to bring to 
their anchors, which was their last refuge ; but before the day 
approached, the wind happily shifted to W. N. W. upon which 
they cut their cables, and came to sail. Soon after, a council of 
war was called, but the result not known until the evening, 
and then the flag bore away to Spanish River, without giving 
the usual signal ; on which many of the windward ships were 
left behind; but a small man of war was ordered to cruise the 
next day for those that were left, and to take up such as might 
be alive among the dead, who were about six hundred. After 
this, they made towards the fleet, but were eight days in get- 
ting down ; during which time the wind was eastwardly, and 
had our fleet proceeded, (as it were to be wished they had) 
might easily have got unto Quebec in forty-eight hours. 

Upon this disaster, the whole country (and indeed the nation) 
was alarmed, and many censures and jealousies arose, some im- 
puting it to cowardice, but most to treachery, and the secret in- 
fluence of some malcontents then at helm ; otherwise why would 
a matter of such vast importance to the British kingdom, be 



hushed up in silence, and the j^rincij^al officers not summoned 
to appear? If the Admiral was in fault, wherefore was he not 
called to an account ? Or why did not the General, to vindicate 
himself, lay a remonstrance before the council board? And the 
pilots, (who were ordered from hence at so great a charge to the 
country, to represent matters in a true light) been examined? 
But instead thereof, dismissed without being asked one question. 
However, one thing is remarkable, that among those that were 
shipwrecked, and lost their lives, there was but one single person 
that belonged to New-England among them. 

Colonel Nicholson at this juncture was industriously engaged 
in getting the batteaux ready for passing the lake with a consid- 
erable number of friend Indians, as well as English, for the at- 
tack of Montreal, which next to Quebec, was the place of great- 
est importance in all the French territories. But just as he 
was ready to embark, an express came and gave an account of 
the miserable disaster that befel the fleet : whereas, if he had 
proceeded, his whole army w^ould probably have been cut ofP; 
for upon advice of our fleet's misfortune, the French drew off 
all their auxiliaries, and most of their militia to reinforce Mon- 
treal, being advised of the descent that was making on them. 
So great was our loss in this enterprise, that it affected the whole 
country seven years after; as the advance and expense of so 
much money and provisions might well do. And it as much 
flushed the enemy : for out of the ruins of our vessels they not 
only got much plunder, but fortified their castle and out batte- 
ries, with a considerable number of cannon. They moreover 
stirred up the French and Indians about Annapolis Royal to 
revolt from their allegiance to the crown. Capt. Pidgeon being 
ordered up the river for timber to repair the fort, was violently 
attacked by no less than one hundred and fifty, who killed the 
whole boat's crew, wounded the fort major, and afterwards very 



72 iPenftalloto'B hxt^iaw m.axs. 

barbaronsly murdered him. They also slew Capt. Forbis, the 
engineer, besides several others, and took thirty-four of them 
prisoners. Soon after this, we were informed of the arrival of 
our British forces in England, on the 9th of October, at Ports- 
mouth, where on the loth following, the Admiral's shij), the Ed- 
gar, was accidentally blown up, with 400 seamen and several 
other people on board, all the officers being on shore. 

The reduction of Canada was a matter of great consequence, 
not only to the interest of New-England and the adjacent colo- 
nies ; but also to the whole British empire. Not that in itself 
it is of such intrinsic value ; for that the cold is so great, and 
the ice so rigid, as to embargo it more than half the year. But 
as the ingenious Mr. Rummer observes, in a letter of his to a 
noble lord in the year 1712, the consequence would be very val- 
uable ; for as it extends above one thousand leagues towards 
the Mississippi, it would require a vast consumption yearly of 
the English manufacture to support it ; there being so great a 
number of several nations that live behind, which bring down 
vast quantities of furs of all sorts, as amount to an incredible 
sum. But her Majesty's royal aim, as he notes, was not so im- 
mediately to advance a trade, as the security and peace of her 
good subjects in North America; being thoroughly apprized 
that so long as the French inhabit there, so long the English 
would be in hazard. 

The Hudson's Bay Company, as well as Newfoundland, have 
given a melancholy account of the many ravages that have been 
committed there by the powerful assistance of those savages. I 
am not insensible that many have blamed New-England, and 
cast the odium wholly on them for not succeeding in this enter- 
prize ; but why New-England should be branded with such in- 
famy, I never could yet hear the grounds, or any reason as- 
signed, but what sprung from some capricious brains, who were 



^leni^aUob's hxUan amars, 73 



no well wishers either to the cause or country, and would stig- 
matize us if possible, as enemies to the church, and disloyal to 
our sovereign. But why enemies to the church ? or wherein is 
it that we differ from them ? save only in the ceremonies, which 
none of them will allow to be essential. We indeed are called 
dissenters ; but many of those that are of the church, dissent 
more from one another than we do : for what we differ from, is, 
(as they themselves term it) only in matters of indifferency ; but 
many of them are dissenters from their own articles of faith. 
Is not our own doctrine the same ? the Sabbath as strictly sol- 
emnized ? and our mode of worship as agreeable to the prima- 
tive constitution, as any other church in the world ? Not but 
that we have degenerated from the pious steps of our forefathers, 
yet I am bold to say, that as to number, there are as many sin- 
cere and good people in A^ew-England as in any one part of the 
world. But I beg pardon for this digression, which is only to 
wipe off the calumny that is too often cast upon us. Now as to 
our loyalty, such pregnant instances may be given thereof, as 
will be surprizing to posterity. Witness our generous and no- 
ble undertaking in the reduction of Port Royal under Sir 
William Phips ; and after that, in the year 1690, in our descent 
on Canada, where we lost many hundred brave men, and at our 
own cost expended upwards of one hundred and forty thousand 
pounds in money, without any allowance or assistance from the 
Crown. After this, a new descent on Port Royal, which although 
we miscarried in that also, yet as Mr. Dummer observes, we 
were not dispirited in raising another body of troops under the 
command of Colonel Nicholson. And all this under the oppres- 
sion of twenty years war before, by the French and Indians. 
Yet in the last fatal expedition, we supplied more than our quota 
which the Queen assigned ; besides, great sums were advanced 
to furnish the British forces, which but few towns in the kingdom 



74 ^enftallob's intiian Wiats. 

of England were able to effect; and none could do it with 
greater alacrity and cheerfulness of spirit than we did. 

In the history of Sir Sebastian Cabot,* which I before hinted, 
we were informed that he took the great river of St. Lawrence 
for the crown of G-reat Britain, in the reign of King Henry the 
seventh, which, according to the French historians, contains 
almost 2000 miles in length and 840 in breadth, situate between 
the 39th and 64th degrees of north latitude, which takes in Aca- 
dia, Newfoundland and Terra De Labrador. This great terri- 
tory, in the beginning of the last century, by the contrivance of 
some then at helm, was taken possession of by the French, who 
since that, have made many fine settlements, more especially at 
Montreal and Quebec. The latter is called a city commanded 
by a castle, which stands on an eminence, in which are five 
churches, a cathedral, a bishop and twelve prebendaries. Our 
unhappy disappointment against Canada gave great uneasiness 
to the country, and was matter of fear lest new reprisals would 
be made on the out-skirts ; wherefore it was determined that 
Colonel Walton with one hundred and eighty men, should go to 
Penobscot and the adjacent territories, where he burnt two fish- 
ing vessels, (that were preparing to come upon us early in the 
spring) and took several captives, with some plunder. 

But New-England at this time was not alone insulted. The 
Jesuits were every way endeavoring to stir up the Indians, and 
at last did influence them to make a descent on the borders of 
Virginia, where they murdered a great many of the Palatines : 
upon which, a considerable number was raised, who went in 
quest of them, and destroyed four towns, besides a great many 
whom they took prisoners. Some of them were supposed to be 
the Senecas, who are a branch of the Five Nations. Another 
tribe called the Choctaws,t made many incursions on Carolina ; 

[ * Cobbet, in the copy. fShacktaus, ia the copy.] 



}3eul)aUoU)'g Jrutiian Wiavs. 75 



upon which Col. Gibs, the Governor, commissioned Capt. Hast- 
ings, and B , the Indian Emperor, who was in league 

with the English ; as also Capt. Welch, with the assistance of 
the Chickasaw * Indians, to fall on them in several parts, and 
in a little time got to their head-quarters, where the enemy in 
three divisions endeavoured to surround them, but after a smart 
engagement, received a perfect overthrow, which was followed 
with the burning and destroying four hundred houses or wig- 
wams. The friend Indians appeared bold and active, but for 
want of discipline and a good regulation, did not the service that 
otherwise they might. After this. Col. Barnwell went in pur- 
suit of another nation called the Tuskaroras,f and entirely routed 
them. 

I now return to our frontiers, where at Exeter, April 16th, 
1712, they killed Mr. Cuningham as he was travelling the road 
from Mr. Hilton's to Exeter. After this, they shot Samuel 
Webber between York and Cape Neddick : others fell on seve- 
ral teams in Wells, where they slew three and woundecT as 
many more. One of the slain was Lieut. Littlefield, who a little 
before was redeemed out of captivity, and a person very much 
lamented. Soon after, they appeared in the middle of the town, 
and carried away two from thence. They went to Spruce Creek, 
where they killed a boy, and took another, and then went to 
York, but being pursued, made their escape. Another party 
fell on the upper branch of Oyster river, where they shot Jere- 
miah Cromett, and three miles higher, burnt a saw mill with a 
great many thousand of boards. Next day, they slew Ensign 
Tuttle at Tole-End,J and wounded a son of Lieut. Herd's as he 
stood sentinel. May 14th, about thirty French and Indians who 
had a design on York, surprized a scout of ours as they were 
marching to Cape Neddick, where they slew Sergeant JSTalton, 

[*Chlck8ha, in thecopy. f Tnskaroraha, in the copy. J In Dover. ] 



76 i3enl)alloU)^s hxhian Wiax^. 

and took seven besides : the remainder fought on a retreat till 
they got to a rock, which for some time proved a good barrier 
to them, and there continued until they were relieved by the 
vigilant care of Capt. Willard. About this time, fifty of our 
English who went up Merrimack river returned, with the good 
account of eight Indians that they had slain, and of considera- 
ble plunder besides which they had taken, without the loss of 
one man. 

June 1st, they again came to Spruce Creek, where they shot 
John Pickernell as he was locking his door, and going to the 
garrison ; they also wounded his wife and knocked a child on 
the head, which they scalped, yet afterwards it recovered. Two 
days after they were seen at Amesbury, then at Kingston, where 
they wounded Ebenezer Stevens and Stej^hen Gilman, the latter 
of wdiich they took alive and inhumanly murdered. After this, 
they killed one at Newichawanick and on July 18th, fell on a 
company at Wells, where they slew another and took a Negro 
captive, who afterwards made his escape. The Sabbath after, 
they endeavoured to intercept the people at Dover as they came 
from worship ; upon which a scout was sent in pursuit, but made 
no discovery. Yet in the intermitting time, they took two child- 
ren* from Lieut. Heard's garrison, and not having time to scalp 
them, cut off both their heads, and carried them away. There 
was not a man at that time at home ; however, one Esther 
Jones supplied the place of several ; for she courageously ad- 
vanced the watch box, crying aloud, 'here they are, come on, 
come on ; ' which so terrified them as to make them draw off, 
without doing any further mischief. The enemy at this time 
were thought to be very numerous, for they appeared- in many 
parties, which occasioned an additional number to be left to 
cover the fronteirs, under the command of Capt. Davis, whose 

[ * Belonging to John Waldron. See 1 Belknap, 284. ] 



^mi&alltJb's intrian m.axs. 77 

vigilant care (through the blessing of God on it) kept them from 
doing any further mischief. September 1st, they killed John 
Spencer, and wounded Dependance Stover.* At this time, a 
sloop from Placentia, with forty-five French and Indians, was 
cruising on our coast, which Captain Carver observing, gave her 
chase, and took her. But our fishery at Cape Sables, through 
the defect of the guard-ship, were great sufferers, where no less 
than twenty fell into their hands. 

The last action that happened (of any moment) this war, was at 
Mr. Plaisted's marriage with Capt. Wheelwright's daughter of 
Wells, where happened a great concourse of people, who, as they 
were preparing to mount in order to their return, found two of 
their horees missing; upon which, Mr. Downing, with Isaac 
Cole and others, went out to seek them ; but before they had 
gone many rods, the two former were killed, and the others 
taken. The noise of the guns soon alarmed the guests, and 
Capt. Lane, Capt. Robinson and Capt. Heard, with several 
others mounted their horses, ordering twelve soldiers in the 
mean time to run over the field, being the nearer way ; but be- 
fore the horsemen got far, they were ambushed by another 
party, who killed Capt. Robinson, and dismounted the rest ; and 
yet they all escaped except the bridegroom, who in a few days 
after was redeemed by the prudent care of his father, at the ex- 
pense of more than three hundred pounds. Capt. Lane and 
Capt. Harmon mustered what strength they could, and held a 
dispute with them some time, but there was little or no execu- 
tion done on either side. 

Not long after this, we had advice of a suspension of arms 
between the two crowns, which the Indians being apprized of, 
came in with a flag of truce, and desired a treaty. Their first 
application was to Capt. Moody at Casco, desiring that the 



[* Probably Storer.] 
7* 



78 leni&allob^s Intiian Wiax^. 

conference might be there ; but the governor not Avilling so far 
to condescend, ordered it to be at Portsmouth, where they ac- 
cordingly met July 11th, 1713, three delegates fi'om St. John's, 
three from Kennebeck, including the other settlements from 
Penacook, Amasacontee, N^orridgewoc, Saco, and all other adja- 
cent places ; where articles of pacification were drawn up, which 
I have hereunto annexed, viz. : 

" Whereas, for some years last past, we have made a breach 
of our fidelity and loyalty to the crown of Great Britain, and 
have made open rebellion against her Majesty's subjects, the 
English inhabiting the Massachusetts, New-Hampshire, and 
other her Majesty's territories in New-England ; and being now 
sensible of the miseries which we and our people are reduced 
unto thereby ; we whose names are hereunto subscribed, being 
delegates of all the Indians belonging to Norridgewoc, Nara- 
hamegock, Amasecontee, Pigwacket, Penacook, rivers of St. 
John's and Merrimack, parts of her Majesty's provinces of the 
Massachusetts Bay, and New-Hampshire, within her Majesty's 
sovereignty, having made application to his Excellency Josej^h 
Dudley, Esq., Caj^tain General and Governor in Chief in and 
over the said provinces, that the troubles which we have unhap- 
pily raised or occasioned against her Majesty's subjects the Eng- 
lish and ourselves may cease and have an end ; and that we 
may again enjoy her Majesty's grace and favour. And each of 
us respectively for ourselves, and in the names and with the free 
consent of all the Indians belonging to the several places and 
rivers aforesaid, and all other Indians within the said provinces 
of the Massachusetts Bay, and New-Hampshire, hereby ac- 
knowledging ourselves the lawfid subjects of our sovereign lady 
Queen Anne, and promising our hearty submission and obe- 
dience to the Crown of Great Britain, do solemnly covenant, 
promise and agree with the said Joseph Dudley, Governor, and 



^enftallob's Inbian Wiam 79 

all such as shall be hereafter in the place of Captain G-eneral 
and Grovernor in Chief of the said provinces and territories on 
her Majesty's behalf, in form following ; that is to say, that at 
all times forever, from and after the date of these presents, we 
will cease and forbear all acts of hostility towards all the sub- 
jects of Great Britain, and not offer the least hurt or violence to 
them or any of them in their persons and estates ; but will hence- 
forth hold and maintain a firm and constant amity and friend- 
ship with all the English, and will never entertain any treasona- 
ble conspiracy with any other nation to their disturbance : that 
her Majesty's subjects the English shall, and may quietly and 
peaceably enter upon, improve and forever enjoy all and singu- 
lar the rights of land and former settlements, properties and 
possessions within the eastern parts of said provinces of the 
Massachusetts Bay and New-Hampshire, together with the 
islands, inlets, shores, beaches, and fishery within the same, 
without any molestation or claim by us or any other Indians ; 
and be in no wise molested or disturbed therein ; saving unto the 
Indians their own ground, and free liberty of hunting, fishing, 
fowling, and all other lawful liberties and privileges, as on the ele- 
venth day of August, in the year of our Lord, one thousand six 
hundred and ninety-three : that for mutual safety and benefit, 
all trade and commerce which hereafter may be allowed betwixt 
the English and the Indians, shall be only in such places, and 
under such management and regulation, as shall be stated by 
her Majesty's government of the said provinces respectively. 

" And to prevent mischiefs and inconveniencies, the Indians 
shall not be allowed for the present, or until they have liberty 
from the respective governments, to come near unto any Eng- 
lish plantations or settlements on this side of Saco River. 

" That if any controversy or difference happen hereafter, to 
and betwixt any of the English and the Indians for any real or 



80 iPmi^alloto's Jnbian ffimars. 

supposed wrong or injury done on the one side or the other, no 
private revenge shall be taken by the Indians for the same, but 
proper application shall be made to her Majesty's governments 
upon the place for remedy thereof in due course of justice ; we 
hereby submitting ourselves to be ruled and governed by her 
Majesty's laws, and desire to have the protection and benefit of 
the same. 

"We confess that we have, contrary to all faith and justice, 
broken our articles with Sir William Phips, Governor in the 
year of our Lord God 1693, and with the Earl of Bellamont in 
the year 1699. 

" And the assurance we gave to his excellency Joseph Dudley, 
Esq. in the year of our Lord God, 1702, in the month of Au- 
gust, and 1703, in the month of July, notwithstanding we have 
been well treated by the said governors. But we resolve for 
the future, not to be drawn into any perfidious treaty or cor- 
respondence, to the hurt of any of her Majesty's subjects of the 
crown of Great Britain ; and if we know any such, we will sea- 
sonably reveal it to the English. 

" Wherefore, we whose names are hereunto subscribed, dele- 
gates for the several tribes of Indians belonging to the river 
of Kennebeck, Ameriscoggin, St. John's, Saco, Merrimack, and 
the parts adjacent, being sensible of our great offence and folly 
in not complying with the aforesaid submission and agTeements, 
and also the sufferings and mischiefs that we have thereby ex- 
posed ourselves unto, do in all humble and submissive manner, 
cast ourselves upon her Majesty for mercy and pardon for all 
our past rebellions, hostilities, and violations of our promises ; 
praying to be received unto her Majesty's grace and favor. 

" And for and on behalf of ourselves, and all other the Indi- 
ans belonging to the several rivers and places aforesaid, within 
the sovereignty of her Majesty of Great Britain, do again 



^enj^allob's Intrian Wiax^. 



81 



acknowledge, and confess our hearty and sincere obedience unto 
the Crown of Great Britain, and do solemnly renew, and confirm 
all and every of the articles and agreements contained in the 
former and present submission. 

" This treaty to be humbly laid before her Majesty for her 
ratification and further order. In witness whereof, we the dele- 
gates aforesaid, by name Kizehenuit, Iteansis, and JacJcoid for 
Penobscot, Josejih and JEneas for St. Johns, Warrueensit, Wada- 
canaquin, and Bomazeen for Kennebeck, have hereunto set our 
hands and seals this 13th day of July, 1713. 
Signed, Sealed and delivered 



in the presence of us, 



Edmund Quincy, 
Spencer Phips, 
Wrn. Dudley, 
Shad. Walton, 
Josiah Willard, 



Signum 



Signum 



Signum 



Signum 



Signum 
Signum 

Signum 

Signum 




Kirebenuit 
Warraeensitt 
Bomaseen 
Wadacanaquin 

jEneas 
Iteansis 
Jackoid 
Joseph.''^ 



82 ilenfjallob's 5nti(an Wiax^. 

Province of New-Hampshire. 

The submission and pacification of the eastern Indians, was 
made and done the thirteenth day of July, 1713, Annoque 
Regni Reginse nunc Magnse Brittanise duodecimo. 

Present, his Excellency Joseph Dudley, Esq., Captain General 
and Governor in Chief, in and over her Majesty's provinces of 
the Massachusetts Bay and New-Hampshire in New-England, 
and Vice- Admiral of the same. 

Counsellors of the Massachusetts. 

Samuel Sewall, Jonathan Corwin, Penn Townsend, John Ap- 
pleton, John Higginson, Andrew Belcher, Thomas Noyes, 
Samuel Appleton, Ichabod Plaisted, John Wheelwright, and 
Benjamin Lynde, Esquires. 

Counsellors of New-Hampshire. 

William Vaughan, Peter Coffin, Robert Elliot, Richard Wal- 
dron, Nathaniel Weare, Samuel Penhallow, John Plaisted, Mark 
Hunking and John Wentworth, Esquires. 

For a further ratification of this treaty, several gentlemen 
of both governments went from Portsmouth to Casco, where a 
great body of Indians were assembled, to know the result of 
matters : it being a custom among them on all such occasions, 
to have the whole of their tribes present ; having no other re- 
cord of conveying to posterity, but what they communicate from 
father to son, and so to the son's son. When the several arti- 
cles were read and explained, by interpreters upon oath, (the 
delegates being present) they signified an unanimous consent 
and satisfaction, by loud huzzas and acclamations of joy. Many 
presents were then made them, which were thankfully received, 
and every tribe had their proportion given out ; but they were 
so disorderly, that Mauxis (although he was the Sagamore in 



iPenfjallob's fntiian Wiax^. 83 

all the eastern parts) was robbed by the morning of all he had ; 
upon which he made a miserable comj^laint unto the English 
next day, of the unruliness of his young men, who had stolen 
away all he had, therefore, begged a new supply. But although 
their government is so anarchical, and their chiefs have so little 
respect and honour shewn them, yet in their council they ob- 
serve a very excellent decorum ; not suifering any to speak but 
one at a time, which is delivered with such a remarkable pathos 
and surprising gravity, that there is neither smile nor whisper 
to be observed, until he that speaks has finished his discourse, 
who then sits down, and after that another rises up. 

The peace thus concluded and so firmly ratified, gave matter 
of encouragement to the eastern inhabitants for re-settling their 
former habitations ; who were also countenanced and assisted 
by the government, even from Cape Porpoise to Kennebeck 
river, where several gentlemen who had large tracts of land, 
granted a hundred acres to every one for encouragement that 
would go and settle ; supporting a minister besides (for some 
time) and employed a sloop at their own charge for carrying and 
re-carrying the inhabitants with their stock ; which gave so great 
encouragement that several towns began to be settled, as Bruns- 
wick,* Topsham, Augusta, Georgetown, &c., in which a great 
many fine buildings were erected, with several saw-mills, &c. 

A fishery was also undertaken by the ingenious Doctor Noyes, 
where twenty vessels were employed at a time. He afterwards 
built a stone garrison at Augusta at his own charge, which was 
judged to be the best in the eastern country ; and for a while 
was kept at the public cost, but afterwards slighted ; which oc- 
casioned the inhabitants to withdraw, and then the Indians 
burnt it with several other houses. 



[* Bromswick, in the copy. This town was settled as early as 1675, by a Mr. Purchase, who lived near the 
head of Steven's river and traded with the Indians, of whom he obtained grants of land ; but the first settlements 
here were broken up in l>i76. —BuUivim 177. 



84 iPmi^alloto's Indian Mars. 

In Kennebeck river, the Sturgeon fishery was also begun and 
carried on with so great success, that many thousand kegs were 
made in a season, and esteemed as good as any that ever came 
from Hambrough or Norway : besides vast quantities of pipe 
staves, hogshead and barrel, pine boards, plank, and timber of 
all sorts, which were not onl}^ transported to Boston, but to 
foreign places. Husbandry also began to thrive, and great 
stocks of cattle were raised. 

The French missionaries perceiving the growth of these 
plantations, soon animated the Indians to disrest them, by in- 
sinuating that the land was theirs, and that the English invaded 
their properties ; which was a vile and wrong suggestion, for 
that their conveyances were from the ancient Sagamores, at 
least seventy years before ; and the proprietors did not settle so 
high up by several miles as was formerly possessed by their 
predecessors. 

However the Indians could not be satisfied, but so threatened 
the inhabitants, that many withdrew, and others were discour- 
aged from going to settle. Soon after, they killed many of their 
cattle, and committed manv other outra^'es. 

'No sooner was this advice brought unto his Excellency, 
Samuel Shute, Esq., who was now Captain Greneral and Gover- 
nor in Chief, in and over the provinces of the Massachusetts Bay, 
and New-Hampshire, &c., (and one zealously affected for the in- 
terest of the country) but he appointed a Congress at Arrowsick, 
in Kennebeck river, in August, 1717, where a great number of 
Indians, with the chiefs of every tribe accordingly met. And 
some of the principal gentlemen of both provinces accompanied 
his Excellency to the place appointed. The complaints on each 
side being impartially heard and debated, the original deeds 
from the ancient Sagamores were produced and explained, hav- 
ing interpreters on oath. The articles drawn up and signed in 



i^nifjallob's fntiian miaxs. 85 

the year 1713, were again read and ratified, to the seeming sat- 
isfaction of the principal Sachems, who inclined to peace ; and 
imputed the late miscarriages unto the young men, but were 
now resolved on a firm harmony, and would in no respect vio- 
late the former treaties. Upon this, his Excellency made them 
several presents, which they thankfully received, and in ac- 
knowledgment thereof, returned him a belt of wampum, with 
some beaver skins. After this, they drank the King's health, 
and promised allegiance to the Crown of Great Britain, so that 
every thing had now the promising aspect of a lasting peace. 
One thing I cannot here omit : three days after our departure, 
a number of Indians went a Duck-hunting, which was a season 
of the year that the old ones generally shed their feathers in, and 
the young ones are not so well flushed as to be able to fly ; they 
drove them like a flock of sheep before them into the creeks, 
where without either powder or shot they killed at one time, 
four thousand and six hundred ; for they followed them so close, 
that they knocked them down with billets and paddles, and sold 
a great number of them to the English for a penny a dozen, 
which is their practice yearly, though they seldom make so 
great a slaughter at once. But before two years were expired, 
they again began to insult the inhabitants, being spurred on by 
the Jesuits, which occasioned a scout of fifty or sixty men to be 
sent out, who kept them in some awe. But in the year 1720, 
they began to be more insolent, and appeared in greater bodies ; 
upon which, Colonel Walton was ordered with about two 
hundred men to guard the frontiers, and was after that ap- 
pointed with Capt. Moody, Harmon, Penhallow, and Wain- 
wright, to send their Chiefs for satisfaction for the late hostili- 
ties which they had done in killing the cattle, &c. The Indians, 
fearing the event, promised to pay two hundred skins, and for 
their fidelity to deliver up four of their young men as hostages. 



86 ^enftalloto's Jntrian Wiaxs. 

After this, they became tolerably quiet, but in the spring grew 
as insolent as before ; especially in Kennebeck, where, some time 
in July, they came with ninety canoes on the Padishal's island, 
which lies opposite to Arrowsick, and sent to speak with Capt. 
Penhallow, who fearing an intrigue, refused. Upon which, one 
hundred and fifty of them went over to him, with whom he held 
a conference; especially with Monsieur Delachase,* and Sebas- 
tian Ralle, who were Jesuits ; Monsieur Crozen from Canada, 
and St. Casteenf from Penobscot, came also along with them, 
who brought a letter for governor Shute, in behalf of the several 
tribes, importing, that if the English did not remove and quit 
their land in three weeks, they would burn their houses and kill 
them, as also their cattle. Upon this, an additional number of 
soldiers were sent under the command of Col. Thaxter and 
Lieut. Col. Goffe; and several gentlemen of the council were 
also appointed to inquire into the ground of these tumults, 
and, if possible, to renew the pacification ; who accordingly went 
and sent scouts to call the Indians in, but they slighted the mes- 
sage with derison. Hereupon, the soldiers were ordered to con- 
tinue, and reinforce the garrisons that winter. But in the sum- 
mer, they renewed their insults, and on the 13th of June, 1722, 
about sixty of them, in twenty canoes, came and took nine fami- 
lies in Merrymeeting Bay, most of which they afterwards set at 

[ ■■' Probably Father De La Chasse, afterwards Superior General of the missions to Kew France. — Yol. 1 N. 
B. Hist. Soc. col] 

[ t Baron De St. Castine, a very extraordinary character. According to Voltaire, and the Abbe Eaynal, he 
had been Colonel of the regiment of Coriagon, in France. He was a man of family and fortune : he came to 
America in 1670, and settled among the Penobscot Indians, married a daughter of the Chief, and had several other 
wives. By the treaty of Breda, the territory beyond the Penobscot was ceded to Franco, and Castine lived within 
that country. Some difficulty arose about a cargo of Wine, which was landed in the country, and a new line was 
run by the English, by which the place of landing, together with Castine's lands, was taken within the English 
Claim. Andross, in his expedition before named, plundered Castino's house of everything vahiable, in his absence. 
This base act so exasperated him, that he used his exertions to inflame the Indians against the English, which he 
effectually did, and their chief supplies of arms and ammunition were furnished by him. He had an estate in 
France, to which he retired when the French lost their possessions in that part of the country. See SuUivan'$ 
Bist. of Maine, pp. 93, 158, 226.— Vol. 1 Hist, of N. Hampshire, pp. 195, 196. 

If we name this war from those that occasioned it, we may call it Oastine's war ; but the French, perhaps, 
wonld call it Andross' wstr.— Drake's French and Indian War$, p. 164.] 



liberty, but sent Mr. Hamilton, Love, Handson, Trescot and 
Edgar to Canada; who, with great difficulty and expense, after- 
wards got clear. They then made a descent on St. Georges, where 
they burnt a sloop, took several prisoners, and fought the garri- 
son some time ; and in a month after, came a greater body from 
Penobscot, who killed five, and engaged the fort twelve days ; 
being very much encouraged by the influence of the Friar that 
was with them. But finding they could make no great impres- 
sion, endeavoured to undermine it, and had made a considerable 
progress therein, till upon the falling of much rain, the trenches 
caved in, which caused the siege to break up, with the loss of 
twenty of them in the engagement, as we were afterwards in- 
formed. About the same time, Capt. Samuel with five others 
boarded Lieut. Tilton, as he lay at anchor a fishing, near Da- 
mans Cove. They pinioned him and his brother, and beat them 
very sorely : but at last, one got clear and released the other, 
who then fell with great fury upon the Indians, threw one over- 
board, and mortally wounded two more. 

Capt. Savage, Capt Blin, and Mr. Newton, who at this time 
were coming from Annapolis, and knew nothing of their ravages, 
went into Passamaquoddy for water. They were no sooner 
ashore, but found themselves hemmed in by a body of Indians, 
the French basely standing by and suifering it. They wanted 
to divide the cargo of the sloop among them, and at last sent 
Capt. Savage on board to procure some ransom. But the wind 
rising, he was forced off, and made the best of his way to Bos- 
ton. Those that he left (after some difficulty and expense) were 
released. 

Capt. Harmon, who was now in Kennebeck, went up the river 
with a detachment of thirty-four men, and seeing some fires, 
went ashore in the night, where he came on eleven canoes. The 
Indians were lying round the fire, and so wearied, by much 



88 ^Jetiftallob^s Intrian Wiax^. 

dancing tlie day before, upon the success they had, that they 
stumbled over them as they lay asleep. Reports were various 
as to the number of Indians that were then slain ; some say 
eighteen, others not so many : however, they brought away fif- 
teen guns ; and at a little distance, found the hand of an Eng- 
lishman laid on the stump of a tree, and his body mangled after 
a barbarous manner ; having his tongue, nose, and private parts 
cut off. They brought away the body, and gave it a decent bu- 
rial. It was found to be the body of Moses Eaton, of Sa- 
lisbury. 

In this brave attempt of Capt. Harmon, which was effected 
in ten minutes, we lost not one man ; yet at the same time a 
great body of Indians lay near, who being startled at the noise 
that was made, arose and fired several guns, but did no damage.* 

The country at this time was in a surprizing ferment, and 
generally disposed to a war ; but the governor and council could 
not readily come into it, considering the vast expense and effu- 
sion of blood that would unavoidably follow. Besides, some 
were not satisfied with the lawfulness of it at this time : for al- 
though they believed the Indians to be very criminal in many 
respects, yet were of opinion that the English had not so punctu- 
ally observed the promises made to them of trading-houses for 
the benefit of commerce and traffick, and for the preventing of 
frauds and extortions, too common in the private dealings of the 
English with them. But the grand abuse to them is the selling 



[* About the year 1720, Capt. Thomas Baker of Northampton, in the county of Hampshire, in Massachusetts, 
sat off with a scouting party of thirty. four men, passed up Connecticut river, and crossed the height of land to 
Pemigewasset river. He there discovered a party of Indians, whose Sachem vias called Walternummus, whom he 
attacked and destroyed. Baker and the Sachem levelled and discharged their guns at each other at the same 
instant. The ball from the Indian's gun grazed Baker's left eyebrow, but did him no injury. The ball from 
Baker's gun went through the breast of the Sachem. Immediately upon being wounded, he leaped four or five 
feet high, and then fell instantly dead. The Indians fled to the river ; Baker and his party pursued, and destroyed 
every one of them. They had a wigwam on the bank of the river, which was nearly filled with beaver. Baker's 
party took as much of it as they could carry away, and burned the rest. Baker lost none of his men in this 
Bkirmieh. It took place at the confluence of a small river with the Pemigewasset, between Plymouth and 
Campton, which has since had the name of Baker's river. — Fnrmer'i <t Moore's Culleclioiis, VoJ. Ill, p. 100. 



^enf)allob3^s intrian Wiaxs. 89 



of strong drink to them, which has occasioned much quarrel- 
ling and sin, and the loss of many lives, to the great scandal of 
religion and reproach of the country. His excellency was sensi- 
ble of the promises that he made to them at the treaty of pacifi- 
cation, which he failed not to lay before the general assembly ; 
but he met with so much opposition that nothing could be ef- 
fected. The finding an Armourer at the public charge, was 
also engaged, but nothing was done therein ; so that the Indians 
were full of resentments, and thought themselves wronged. Yet 
all this time, they made no application unto the government for 
redress, which they ought to have done by the articles of agree- 
ment, but broke forth into horrid and cruel outrages, by burn- 
ing, killing, and destroying. At last the Governor, by repeated 
addresses from the people, was obliged to call the Council to- 
gether to concert what was proper to be done, who advised to 
the proclaiming an open war. But their not consulting before- 
hand with the other governments, was certainly a great over- 
sight ; who probably would have come into it, and thereby have 
helped to support the charge, which now lay wholly on the Mas- 
sachusetts and New-Hampshire. 

Froclamation. 

" Whereas the Indians inhahiting the eastern parts of this province, notwithstanding 
their repeated submissions to his Majesty's crown and government, their publick and solemn 
treaties and engagements entered into with the government here established, to demean 
themselves peaceably and amicably towards his Majesty's good subjects of this province ; 
and notwithstanding the kind and good treatment they have received from the government, 
have for some years last past appeared in considerable numbers in an hostile manner, and 
given disturbance to his Majesty's subjects in the eastern parts of this province, killing their 
cattle and threatening destruction to their persons and estates ; and in abuse of the lenity 
and forbearance of the government, have lately with the utmost injustice and treachery pro- 
ceeded to plunder, despoil, and take captive many of his Majesty's good subjects, to assault, 
take, burn, and destroy vessels upon the seacoasts, and houses and mills upon the land ; to 
wound some, and in a most barbarous and cruel manner to murder others, of the inhabi- 
tants of this province ; and in a way of open rebellion and hostility, to make an audacious 
and furious assault upon one of his Majesty's forts when the King's colors were flying. 
8* 



90 lenftallob^s Inbian Wiaxs. 

" I do therefore, by and with the advice of his Majesty's council, hereby declare aild 
proclaim the said eastern Indians, with their confederates, to be robbers, traitors, and ene- 
mies to his Majesty King George, his crown and dignity, and that they be henceforth pro- 
ceeded against as such : willing and requiring all his Majesty's good subjects, as they shall 
have opportunity, to do and execute all acts of hostility against them ; hereby also for- 
bidding all his Majestj^'s good subjects to hold any correspondence with the said Indians, or 
to give, aid, comfort, succor or relief unto them, on penalty of the laws in that case made 
and provided. And whereas there be some of said Indians who have not been concerned 
in the perfidious and barbarous acts before-mentioned, and many may be desirous to put 
themselves under the protection of this government : 

" To the intent, therefore, that the utmost clemency may be shewn to such, I do hereby 
grant and allow them to come in and render themselves to the commanding officer of the 
forces, or to the respective officer of any party or parties in the service ; provided it may 
be within forty days from this time. And to the intent that none of our friend Indians 
may be exposed, or any rebels or enemy Indians may escape on pretence of being friends ; 
I do hereby strictly forbid any of the said Indians to move out of their respective planta- 
tions, or such other places whereto they shall be assigned, or to come into any English town 
or district. Within the colony of the Massachusetts Bay or the county of York, without be- 
ing attended with such men as I shall appoint to oversee them, at their peril, and as they 
tender their own safety. And further, I forbid all the friend Indians to hold communion 
with, harbour or conceal any of the said rebels, or enemy Indians ; requiring them to seize 
and secure all such that may come among them, and to delivor them up to justice. 

"And all military commission-officers are hereby authorized and commanded to put 
this declaration and order into execution. 

Given at the Council Chamber in Boston the twenty-ffth of July, 1722. 

SAMUEL SHUTE. 

Josiah Willard, Seer. 

God save the King." 

The abovesaid declaration (for substance) was also given out 
the week after, at the council chamber at Portsmouth, in the 
province of Kew-Hampshire. 

Now, although the settlements in Kennebeck were the first 
that were molested, yet it is not to be supposed that the bent 
of the enemies fury was on them alone, as some would insinu- 
ate ; for at the same time they interrupted the fishery through- 
out all Nova-Scotia. Many have reflected on the government 
for suffering a fort to be at St. Georges, as if that did irritate 
the Indians ; but why the proprietors might not make an im- 
provement thereof, as well as any others on their right of pur- 



^lentalloto^s Intiian Smars. 9i 



chase, I know not ; considering that it was granted from the 
crown, and no exemption made at the treaty of peace. Yet at 
the same time I must be free to say, that there was too great 
indulgence at first in the government in suffering so many town- 
ships at so great a distance to be laid out at once, unless they 
were more peopled ; which has since been the occasion not only 
of a vast expense, but a great effusion of blood. 

The number of vessels were about sixteen which the enemy 
took at Can so, as they went into the harbors for their necessity ; 
which so soon as governor Phillips was apprised of, he sum- 
moned the several masters ashore with the sailors, and proposed 
the fitting out of two sloops well manned, for recovering the ves- 
sels and captives, which being approved of, he forthwith ordered 
the drums to beat for volunteers, and in less than half a day, 
fixed them out with about twenty men in each, under the com- 
mand of Capt. Elliot and Capt. Robinson, who freely offered 
their services ; but as Capt. Elliot out-sailed the other, he got 
first to a harbor called Winpague, where he discovered some 
vessels, and bore directly down upon them, till he came pretty 
near. The Indians being flushed with success, and having 
thirty-nine on board one of the vessels which they had took, and 
seeing no more men on board the English than what was usual, 
commanded them to strike for that they were their prize. Unto 
whom Capt. Elliot replied that he was hastening to them ; and 
in an instant called his men on deck, who fired on them with a 
loud huzza, and clapped them on board; which was so sur- 
prizing a salutation, that they made a most dreadful yelling. 
However, they resisted as well as they could for about half an 
hour, in which time Capt. Elliot received three wounds, when 
Mr. Bradstreet, who commanded the soldiers, entered with hand- 
gTenadoes, most of the Indians jumped overboard, who were 
shot in the water. Those that ran down into the hold, were 



92 ilcnfjallob's futrian ajEats. 



tore in pieces by the shells, so that only five escaped, who were 
wounded. One of our men was killed, and several hurt, par- 
ticularly the corporal of the troops, who had five swan-shot in 
his body. Capt. Elliot being ill of his wounds, was obliged to 
return, carrying with him seven vessels into Canso, which he 
re-took with fifteen captives, six hundred quintals of fish, and 
two heads of the chiefs of those Indians that were among them. 
Upon this the Governor ordered the same sloop back with a 
fresh supply of men to reinforce Capt. Robinson, who in a week 
after brought in two Indian scalps, a schooner and a sloop, which 
they took at Mallegash. 

After that he met with a Frenchman and an English captive, 
who informed of a body of Indians and five vessels that lay at a 
little distance, which he immediately went in pursuit of ; but 
fearing the event, was not willing at the first to engage them, 
but kept at some distance, and then three canoes with three In- 
dians in each, double armed, drew near, one of which came on 
board, as the rest lay on their paddles, whom they treated 
friendly in expectation of a greater prize. But the Indian grow- 
ing jealous attempted to escape, and presented his gun to Lieut. 
Johnson's breast, which he putting by, shot him dead. Upon 
this, they fired upon those in the canoes, and killed three. The 
enemy was so numerous ashore, that he thought it not safe to 
encounter them ; however he took one vessel. At this time they 
had twenty of our English captives, but could not come to a fair 
capitulation about their redemption. However, the Captain 
warned them to use them well, for as we had thirty of theirs at 
Annapolis, twenty at Boston, and as many more at Canso, as 
they treated ours, so we would theirs. Mr. Bradstreet now 
steered to the westward of the harbor, where Capt. Elliot had 
the dispute before-mentioned, where he re-took three vessels 
more, but could see neither captive nor Indians. The day after, 



Capt. Blin very ha^^piiy arrived with a flag of truce and re- 
deemed seven vessels and twenty-four captives, who otherwise 
would have been put to death. From thence he sailed to the 
Cape, and in his returning back, took three or four Indians, 
which he carried to Boston. Capt. Southack being informed of 
a small body that was then at Astagenash in the gulf of St. 
Lawrence, where Monsieur Grolden, the famous Friar, did reside, 
had an intent to visit him ; but in his passage through the gut, 
was happily diverted, where meeting with two canoes, in which 
were six Indians, he killed one, and took the other five. 

The general assembly not finding the former bounty suffi- 
ciently encouraging to volunteers, now passed an act of one 
hundred pounds a scalp to all such as supported themselves, and 
whoever was subsisted by the publick, should have sixty pounds 
for the like : that any company or troop issuing forth upon an 
alarm, should over and above the establishment have thirty 
pounds, and an encouraging reward besides, for all prisoners 
that they took ; and whatever plunder might be taken should be 
shared among them. And if any volunteers or detached soldiers 
should happen to be wounded or maimed in the service, that 
during the continuance of such wound or maim, he shall be al- 
lowed such a stipend or pension as the general court should 
think fit to order. 

September the 10th, we had a surprizing account from Arrow- 
sick of four or five hundred Canada and Cape Sable Indians, 
that fell upon them early in the morning, who probably would 
have laid all desolate, had they not been seasonably discovered 
by a small guard, which Capt. Penhallow was sending out for 
assisting the neighborhood to gather in the corn ; who killed one 
and wounded three more of the company : the report of Avhich 
guns did so alarm the inhabitants, that they, with most of their 
substance, got seasonably into the garrison. Their first appear- 



Q4 ilmftalloto's Intrian amars. 



ance seemed terrible, considering their number, with the few- 
ness of those that were to defend ; who fought the garrison some 
time, and shot Samuel Brooking through a port-hole ; after that 
they had killed fifty head of cattle, and burnt twenty-six dwel- 
ling-houses. The same day, in the evening, came Col. Walton 
and Capt. Harmon, with about thirty men in two whale-boats, 
who, with those of Capt. Temple and Penhallow's men, (that 
could be spared out of the garrisons) made about seventy, and 
gave them battle some time : but the enemy were so numerous, 
that they were like to have hemmed them in, had they not 
fought upon a retreat. 

In the night, they drew off, without much cause of triumph, 
and went up the river, where they attacked Mr. Stratton, as he 
was turning down in his sloop, whom they mortally wounded ; 
and then went to Richmond, where some time they held a dis- 
pute with the garrison, and afterwards drew off. The last that 
fell this season was a man at Berwick. 

His Excellency's affairs now calling him to Great Britain, the 
government of the Massachusetts was wholly devolved on the 
Honourable William Dummer, Esq. Lieut. Grovernor ; during 
whose administration, there were as many remarkable turns of 
divine providence, (respecting the enemy) as have happened 
since the war commenced ; whose prudence and good conduct 
have made him acceptable unto all. 

The first alteration that he made, was in commissionating 
Col. Westbrook as Chief in the eastern affairs ; who, on the 10th 
of February, marched to Penobscot, and Capt. Harmon at the 
same time up Ameriscoggin * river, but neither of them had 
any success, save burning their chapel and some wigwams. 
Capt. Sayward, with a company of volunteers, went as far as the 
White Hills, near one hundred miles into the enemies' country, 
but met with the like misfortune. 



[ * Amanascoggin, in copy.] 



?3enf)alloh3's Intrian Mats, 95 

So soon as the spring advanced, they began to appear as fu- 
rious as ever. At Scarborough, they killed Thomas Larabee 
and his son : after that, Mrs. Bearing* and two soldiers, where 
they also took Mary Scamond, John Hunuel, and Robert Jor- 
dan. Another party came to Cocheco, where they slew Tristam 
Head,f Joseph Ham, and carried three children captive. From 
thence they went to Lamprey-Eel river, where they killed Aaron 
Rawlins with one of his children, carrying away his wife and 
three more with them. At Northfield, they shot two,J and 
meeting with the Reverend Mr. Willard of Rutland, they laid 
violent hands upon him ; but he being a person of courage 
agreeable to his strength, he slew one and wounded another, 
till at last they gave him the fatal stroke.^ Two of Ensign 
Steven's sons were also killed, and two more carried captive. 

Capt. Watkins, who at this time was engaged on a fishing 
voyage at Canso, was surprized by a small body in the night 
while abed. The day before he was at church, and it happened 
that two ministers, in two different congregations, preached on 
one and the same subject ; namely, preparing for sudden death; 
not knowing how soon or in what manner death would attack 

[<• Mrs. Bearing was the wife of Roger Bearing, who lived on a farm since well known by the name of None- 
such. Hutchinson informs us that the Indians also took three of his children as they were picking berries, and 
killed two other persons. — Vol. 1 N. H. Hist. Soc. col.} 

[ t Tristam Heard, says Dr. Belknap.] 

[ I These persons were killed on the 14th of August.] 

[ g Rev. Joseph Willard graduated at Yale College, 1714, and was settled at Sunderland, from whence he re- 
moved to Rutland, and on the 12th of July, 1721, was invited to settle in the ministry. The day of his installation 
was deferred on account of the discouragements of the times, till the fall of 1723, when he was cut off by the enemy . 
The following account of his death and other Indian depredations, is given by Mr. Whitney, in his Hittory of 
Worcester County. 

As deacon Joseph Stevens and four of his sons were making hay in a meadow, at Rutland, on the 14th of Au- 
gust, 1723, they were surprized by five Indians. The father escaped in the bushes ; two of the sons were slain, 
and two, Phineas and Isaac, were made prisoners. Two of the five Indians way-laid a Mr. Davis and son, who 
that afternoon were making hay in a meadow not far otf, but weary of waiting, they were returning to the others, 
and met Mr. Willard in their way, who was armed. One of the Indians' guns missed fire, the others did no exe- 
cution. Mr. Willard returned the fire and wounded one of them, it is said mortally ; the other closed in with Mr. 
Willard ; but he would have been more than a match for him, had not the other three come to his assistance ; and 
it was some considerable time before they killed Mr. Willard. Phineas Stevens, above mentioned, was the cele- 
brated warrior in the Cape Breton war : and the one who so bravely defended Charlestown, N. H., on the 4th of 
April, 1747, when attacked by 400 French and Indians under Mens. Debelino.— Vol. 1 A'. H. Hitt Soc. col.] 



96 ^PmftallobD's fnttian Wiaxs. 

them. His lodging was on an island at a little distance from 
the fort, and although he was so strongly importuned by sev- 
eral of his friends to stay with them that night, as if they had 
a secret impulse of some impending evil ; yet all the arguments 
they could use, could no ways prevail or influence him. He was 
a gentleman of singular good temper, respected and lamented 
by all that knew him. John Drew of Portsmouth (a pretty 
youth) was slain with him, at the same time. 

The delegates of the six nations of Iroquois, with the Mohe- 
gan and Scatacook Indians, being disposed to come to Boston, 
were kindly entertained there. And at a conference with the 
General Assembly, signified a great concern for the blood that 
was so often shed by their kinsmen and brethren ; that from the 
original they were friends to the English, and as a testimony of 
their continuing so, presented a belt of wampum ; which accord- 
ing to their custom, is the renewing the covenant. His Honor 
the Lieut. Governor, as an acknowledgment, gave each of them 
a piece of plate, with figures engraven thereon, as a turtle, a bear, 
a hatchet, a wolf, &c., which were the escutcheons of their sev- 
eral tribes. And the more to oblige them to our interest, they 
had a promise made of one hundred pounds a scalp for every 
Indian that they killed or took ; which seemed so pleasing to 
them that they manifested a readiness of taking up the hatchet 
in favour of the English, whenever any hostility was made 
against them. After this, they were entertained with the cu- 
rious sight of a gun that was made by the ingenious Mr. Pirn 
of Boston ; which although loaded but once, yet was discharged 
eleven times following with bullets, in the space of two minutes ; 
each of which went through a double door at fifty yards dis- 
tance. They were then presented with an ox, which with bows 
and arrows they killed and dressed according to their own cus- 
tom ; where thousands of spectators were present to behold and 



hear their barbarous singing and dancing. But notwithstanding 
this free and generous entertainment, with the firm promises they 
made of falling on our enemies, (whenever they made any insults 
on us) all proved of little or no significancy ; which was principally 
owing to the powerful influence of the Dutch, for the sake of trade 
and commerce with them, as was observed on the like occasion.* 

October the 13th,f we had an account from Northfield, of a 
body of Indians that fell on the town-fort, where they wounded 
two and killed as many more. Soon after, they suri^rized Mr. 
Cogshell and his boat's company as they were going ashore at 
Mount Desart.J 

December 5th, about sixty laid siege to St. George's, garri- 
son, where they continued thirty days, and were not a little 
flushed with the expectation of success ; for at their first coming 
they took two soldiers, who gave an account of the state of mat- 
ters : but Mr. Canady, the commanding officer, being one of un- 
common courage and resolution, stood his ground till Col. West- 
brook arrived, who soon put them to a rout. After this, some 
came to Berwick, where they took a soldier as he was carelessly 
wandering from the garrison. 

The favourableness of the winter prevented our marching to 
any of their head quarters this season, excepting to Norridge- 
wock, where Capt Moulton found a vile and pernicious letter 
from the governor of Quebec, directed unto the Friar, exhort- 
ing him to push on the Indians with all imaginable zeal against 
the English, whose advice he as industriously pursued. ^i 

[<'In this year, [1723] two persons, by the names of Smith and Bailey, were killed at Cape Porpoise; the 
former, on Vaughn's Island ; the latter, at a place near where the old meeting-house stood, on the sea-shore. — 
Suttivan, 230.] 

[t October 11th, says Hutchinson, see p. 275.] 

[ X Desert it should be : a very large island, covering the area of about 180 square miles, and nearly all the 
■waters of the Bay of Fundy, or Frenchman's Bay. It was named Monts Deserts by Champlain, in honour, per- 
haps, of De Monts, with whom he had formerly sailed. It was once called Mt. Mainsell by the English, which, 
Mr. Savage (in M''inthrop, I, 23) thinks was so called in honour of Sir Robert Mansell, named in the great 
Charter. — Drnl-e''s French and Indian Wars, j). 220.] 

[g March 23, 1724, one Smith, sergeant of the fort at Cape Porpoise, waa killed.] 

9 



98 ?3enf)alloU)^s Intrian Wiax^. 

April 17th, 1724, they shot William Mitchel of Scarborough, 
as he was ploughing in the field, and took two of his sons, who 
afterwards were released at the taking of Norridgewock.* They 
then fell on a sloop at Kennebunk, which belonged to Lynn, and 
killed the whole company. But the greatest stroke was on 
Capt. Winslow, who with sixteen men in two whale-boats, went 
from St. George's to the Grreen Islands, where the enemy usu- 
ally frequent on the account of fowling. But on their return, 
they were ambuscaded by two or three companies of them that 
lay on each side the river. The first that fell was sergeant 
Harvey, who commanded the other boat ; for by keeping too 
near the shore, he gave the enemy the greater advantage : how- 
ever, he returned the shot with as much bravery as could be ex- 
pected, till overpowered by a multitude, Capt. Winslow, f who 
was considerably ahead and out of danger, perceiving the en- 
gagement, courageously returned back to their assistance. But 
before he could give them any relief, was surrounded with about 
thirty canoes, who made a hideous yelling ; but he gave them 
no answer but from the muzzles of his guns. A smart engage- 
ment followed, which held till night: when finding his thigh 
broken, and most his men slain, was obliged to hasten ashore ; 
but there also he found himself unhappily way-laid. They fell 
on him with utmost fury, yet his courage continued until the 
last ; for (as one of those that escaped has since reported) he 
rested himself on his other knee, and killed an Indian before they 
had power to slay him. Thus died that worthy young gentleman, 
for the cause of his country. He was one of liberal education 
and good extract, being the grandson of governor Winslow of 
Plymouth ; and if he had survived, might have been of good 

[<< About the same time Mitchell was killed, John Felt, William Wormwell, and Ebenezer Lewis, were killed 
at a saw-mill on Kennebeck Tiver.— Vol. 1 N. H. Hist. Soc. col.] 
[t JoBiah Winslow who graduated at Harvard College in 1721.] 



service in his generation. Sylvanus Nock,* a worthy elder of 
the church at Oyster ri^^er, soon after this, was slain as he was 
on horseback. Myles Thompson of Berwick, was the same day 
also killed by another party, and his son was carried captive.f 
A few days after, they again beset Capt. Penhallow's garrison, 
where they took three as they were driving their cows to pasture, 
and at their drawing off killed a great many cattle. Another 
party fell on Kingston, where they took Peter Colcord, Ephraim 
Severns, and two of Mr. Stevens' children, whom they carried 
to Canada; but by the unwearied pains and expence of Mr. 
Stevens, he in a little time purchased his children.J Colcord 
about six months after, made his escape and got unto his friends, 
but did not survive long. May 24th, they shot George Chesley 
as he was returning from public worship, with whom was Eliza- 
beth Burnum, who was mortally wounded. Three days after, 
they went to Perpooduck, where they killed one and wounded 
another, and then marched to Saco, where they slew David Hill, 
a friend Indian. On the same day, another party w^ent to 
Chester, where they took Thomas Smith, with another whom 
they pinioned, but soon after, they made their escape. 

The frontiers being thus alarmed, two companies of volun- 
teers went from New-Hampshire on the bounty act, one hundred 
pounds a scalp, and it happened that Moses Davis, as he was 
weeding his corn, went unto a brook to drink, where he saw 

[ ■:■■ James Nock, says Dr. Belknap.] 

[f Thompson was killed in May, 1724. He lived on the road which leads from Quampeagan to Wells, at Love's 
Brook. One Stone was mangled and scalped near where Thompson fell by the same party, but he survived it, and 
lived to be an old man. Governor Sullivan, who knew him, says, " his life was miserable ; he wore a silver caul 
on his head, went on crutches, had the use of only one hand, and was subject to strong convulsion fits." Sullivan's 
Maine, p. 252.] 

[ I The late Samuel Welch, who died at Bow, 5 April, 1823, at the age of 112, recollected this event, and related 
to the writer of this note some of the particulars of it, about a month before his death. He stated that Peter Col- 
cord, Ebenezer Stevens and Benjamin Severence, and two or three children of Mr. Stevens', were taken by the In- 
dians ; that Colcord made his escape, and that the children of Mr. Stevens were afterwards redeemed. He also 
recollected the family of Jabez Colman, who was killed in 1724, (mentioned by Penhallow under that year) and 
stated that Colman was shot with two balls, one passing through his neck, and the other through his hip.— Vol. 1 
N. H. Hist. Boc. eol.] 



100 ^penftalloiD^s fintiian WiaxB. 

three Indian packs, U2)on which he informed the troops that 
were then coming out. He, with liis son, went before as guides, 
but by an ambushment, were both shot dead. The English 
then fired on them, who killed one, and wounded two more, but 
could not find either of the latter, although they tracked them 
by their blood some way. The assembly of New-Hampshire 
then sitting, ordered the aforesaid sum of one hundred pounds 
to be paid. 

The next damage they did, was at Grroton, but were so closely 
pursued, that they left several of their packs behind. About 
which time, news came to Deerfield of a body of Indians discov- 
ered up Connecticut river. Capt. Thomas Wells rallied a com- 
pany of men, and went in quest of them, but made no further 
discovery, till, upon their return home, about four miles from 
Deerfield, three of the company (supposing themselves out of 
danger) rode at some distance before the rest, and unhappily 
fell into an ambushment of the enemy near a swamp, and were 
all three killed by them. But the company behind hearing the 
guns, rode up with all speed, and came upon the enemy while 
they were scalping the slain ; and firing upon them, wounded 
several. Upon which the enemy fled into the swamp, and the 
English dismounting their horses, ran in after them, and tracked 
them a considerable way by the blood of the wounded, but found 
none. However, they recovered ten packs, and heard after- 
wards that two died of their wounds, and a third lost the use of 
his arm. Another company fell on Spurwink, where they mor- 
tally wounded Solomon Jordan, as he was coming out of the 
garrison. Next day, being July the 18th, Lieut. Bean went in 
quest of them, and came up with a scout of thirty, whom he en- 
gaged and put to flight, leaving twenty-five packs, twelve blan- 
kets, a gun, a hatchet, and sundry other things behind them.* 

[■^'Bev. Dr Holmes iuforms us, that in the copy of Fenballow in possession of the Massachusetts Historical 



ilenftallob^s Intrian WiaxB. loi 

The enemy not finding so great encouragement in attacking 
our frontiers as they expected, were now resolved to turn pirates, 
and accordingly intercepted several of our fishery as they went 
in and out the harbours for wood, water, or in case of storms, 
and accordingly made up a fleet of fifty canoes, who designed at 
first for Mohegen,f but going through the Fox Islands, and see- 
ing several vessels at anchor, surprized eight with little or no 
opposition ; in which were forty men, twenty of whom they put 
to death, reserving the skippers and best sailors to navigate for 
them. After this, they took fourteen more ; and with the assist- 
ance of the Cape Sable Indians, became so powerful and despe- 
rate, that at first they terrified all vessels that sailed along the 
eastern shore. They then went to St. Georges with a design to 
burn that garrison ; in order whereto, they filled a couple of 
shallops with combustible matter, which they set on fire, but it 
was happily extinguished. They then offered terms on surren- 
dering, which were rejected. And finding that neither force 
nor insinuation would prevail, they withdrew, and sailed to 
Annaj)olis, expecting to surprize the fort ; but firing at a soldier 
in their march, gave an alarm ; and a detachment issued forth, 
who, after a smart dispute, gave them a j)erfect rout, but not 
without loss on our side.J 

The fishery being thus invaded, two shallops with about forty 
men well fixed, went from New-Hampshire, who fairly came up 
with one of them, but through cowardice and folly were afraid 

Society, there is an advertisement at the end, desiring the reader to correct a great omission in page 105 [of this 
edition] viz. " In the article relating to Lieut. Bean and Company, at the bottom of the page, it should have 
been added, one of their principal Indians was killed, and his scalp brought to Boston, for which said Bean and 
company received an hundred pounds. — Vol. 1 N. H. Hist Soc. col.] 

[f An Island on the east side of Kennebeck river, and about 10 miles from the main : celebrated as the place 
where Capt. John Smith landed in 1614 ; here he built some houses, the remains of which were to be seen, when 
Judge Sullivan wrote his History of Maine. It is spelt Moheagan. — Drake's French and Indian Wars, p. 222.] 

[ I June 27, 1724, Ebenezer Shelden, Thomas Cotton, and Jeremiah English (a friend Indian) were killed at 
Deerfield. July 10, Lieut. Timothy Childs and Samuel Allen, were wounded in returning from their labor in the 
field. — Appendix to Wiliam)' Narrative.] 

9* 



102 ^enj^alloto's hiHim Wiaxs. 

to engage them. However, Dr. Jackson from Kittery, and 
Sylvanus Lakeman from Ipswich, with a lesser number, gave 
them chase, and fired very smartly with their small arms, al- 
though the enemy had two great guns and four pateraroes, which 
cut their shrouds and hindered their pursuit for some time : but 
being fixed again, they followed them with greater resolution, 
and drove them into Penobscot, where a greater body being 
ready to cover them, he was forced to desist. The Doctor and 
Mr. Cutt were dangerously wounded in this engagement, but 
some time after, recovered. This storm of the enemy by sea, 
produced no calm ashore. 

At Rutland, they killed three men, wounded one, and took 
another;* and at Oxford, beset a house that lay under a hill, but 
as one of the enemy attempted to break through the roof, he was 
shot by a woman of the house.f The sabbath now became a 
day of danger in which they often did mischief, as at Dover, 
Oyster river, and Berwick, where they killed one, wounded a 
second, and carried away a third. 

Capt. Harmon, Moulton, Brown and Bean, were now prepar- 
ing for Norridgewock, with two hundred men in seventeen 
whale*boats. After they landed at Triconnick, they met with 
Bomazeen at Brunswick, (who had slain an Englishman some 
days before) whom they shot in the river, as he attempted to 
make an escape. They afterwards killed his daughter, and took 
his wife captive ; who gave an account of the state of the enemy, 
which encouraged them to march on briskly ; and on August 
12th, they got within two miles of the place. Capt. Harmon drew 
off with about sixty men to range their corn fields, in hopes of 

[*This was on the 3d of August, 1724, and Tras the last mischief done at Eutland.] 

[fThe enemy, four in number, made a breach in the roof, and as one of them was attempting to enter, ho 
received a shot in his belly from a courageous woman, the only person in the house, but who had two muskets and 
two pistols charged, and was prepared for all four ; but they thought fit to retreat, carrying ofl' the dead or 
wounded man. This was on the 6th of August.— Vol. 1 N. H. Bkt. Soc. col.] 



iPenf)allcib^s fntrian m.axs. 103 

finding some there, imagining they saw some smokes ; while 
Capt. Moulton, with about an hundred men moved forward, and 
when he came within view of the town, artfully divided them 
into three squadrons, of thirty in each ; having ordered ten to 
guard their baggage, and a squadron on each wing to lie in am- 
bush, while he with the like number encountered them in the 
front. He went on with such resolution, that he got within pis- 
tol shot before he was discovered. The Indians were under 
amazing terror ; yet in their surprize some of them snatched 
up their guns and fired : but their hands shook and they did no 
execution. They immediately betook themselves to flight, and 
in running fell on the very muzzles of our gUns that lay in am- 
bush. Our men pursued them so warmly, that several were 
slain on the spot ; more got into their canoes, and others ran 
into the river ; which was so rapid, and the falls in some places 
so great, that many of them were drowned. By this time Capt. 
Harmon came up, who was not so happy as to discover any of 
the enemy where he expected. The number of the dead which 
we scalped, were twenty-six, besides Monsieur Ralle* the Jesuit, 
who was a bloody incendiary, and instrumental to most of the 
mischiefs that were done us, by preaching up the doctrine of 
meriting salvation by the destruction of hereticks.f Some say 

[''Sebastian Kalle died in the 67th year of his age, after a painful mission of 37 years ; 26 of which were spent 
at Norridgwock. Previous to his residence at this place, he spent six years in travelling among the Indian nations 
in the interior parts of America ; and learned most of their languages. " II Seavoit presque toute les laugues, 
qu'on parle dans ce vasle continent." He was a man of good sense, learning, and address ; and by a gentle, conde- 
scending deportment, and a compliance with the Ibdian mode of life, he obtained an entire ascendency over 
the natives ; and used his influence to promote the interests of the French among them. " He even made the offi- 
ces of devotion serve as incenti\'es to their ferocity ; and kept a flag, in which was depicted a cross, surrounded by 
bows and arrows, which he used to hoist on a pole at the door of his church, when he gave them absolution, pte. 
viously to their engaging in any warlike enterprise." A dictionary of the NorridgwoCk language, composed by 
Father Ralle, was found among bis papers ; and it was deposited in the Library of Harvard College. There is 
this memorandum on it: "1691. II y a un an que je suis parmi les sauveges je commence a mettre en ordre 
«n forme de dictionaire les mots que j'apprens." It is a quarto volume of about 500 -pAgeB.^Belhuip'e. Hitt. of N, 
Hampshire, Vol. II, p. m.—CharUvoix Nouv France, Vol. II, pp. 376—385.] 

[t There is a valuable memoir of Ralle in the Collections of Massachusetts Historical Society, Vol. VIII, p. 
250, in which his character is more favourably represented than in the above account : it aeemg that the account 
in the text is not perfectly correct.— VoZ. 1 N. H. Hist. Soc. col] 



104 ^enfjallob's Jntrian SMars, 



that quarter was offered him, which he refused, and would nei- 
ther give nor take any. After this, they burnt and destroyed 
the chapel, canoes, and all the cottages that lay round ; they also 
took four Indians alive, and recovered three captives. 

The number in all that were killed and drowned were sup- 
posed to be eighty, but some say more ; the greatest victory we 
have obtained in the three or four last wars : and it may be as 
noble an exploit (all things considered) as ever happened in the 
time of king Philip. About seventy French Mohawks were 
now making a descent on our frontiers, who divided into several 
parties and killed a great number of cattle. Some of them fell 
on the house of John Hanson of Dover, who being a stiff quaker, 
full of enthusiasm, and ridiculing the military power, would on 
no account be influenced to come into garrison ; by which 
means his whole family (then at home) being eight in number, 
were all killed and taken. But some time after, his wife and 
two or three of his children, were redeemed with considerable 
pains and expense. 

September 4th, they fell on Dunstable, and took two * in the 

[ * The persona taken were Nathan Cross and Thomas Blanchard, who had been engaged in the manufacture 
of turpentine on the north side of Nashua river, near where Nashua village now stands. At that time, there were 
no houses or settlements on that side of the river. These men had been in the habit of returning every night to 
lodge in a saw-mill on the other side. That night they came not as usual. An alarm was given ; it was feared 
they had fallen into the hands of the Indians. A party consisting of ten of the principal inhabitants of the place 
started in search of them, under the direction of one French, a sergeant of militia. In this company was Far- 
well, who was afterwards lieutenant under Lovewell. When this party arrived at the spot where the men had 
been labouring, they found the hoops of the barrel cut, and the turpentine spread upon the ground. From certain 
marks upon the trees made with coal mixed with grease, they understood that the men were taken and carried off 
alive. In the course of the examination, Farwell perceived the turpentine had not ceased spreading, and called 
the attention of his comrades to this circumstance. They concluded that the Indians had been gone but a short 
time, and must still be near, and decided upon an instaut pursuit. Farwell advised them to take a circuitous 
rout, to avoid an ambush. But unfortunately he and French had a short time previous had a misunderstanding, 
and were then at variance. French imputed this advice to cowardice, and called out, " I am going to take the 
direct path ; if any of you are not afraid, let him follow me." French led the way and the whole party followed, 
Farwell falling in the rear. Their route was up the Merrimack, towards which they bent their course to look for 
their horses upon the interval. At the brook near Lutwyche's (now Thornton's) ferry, they were way-laid. The 
Indians fired upon them, and killed the larger part instantly. A few fled, but were overtaken and destroyed. 
French was killed about a mile from the place of action, under an oak tree now standing in a field belonging to 
Mr. Lund in Merrimack. Farwell in the rear, seeing those before him fall, sprung behind a tree, discharged his 
piece and ran. Two Indians pursued him : the chase was vigorously maintained for some time without gaining 



^euljallob^s Inbian fflmars, i^^ 



evening: next morning, Lieut. French, with fourteen men, went 
in quest of them ; but being way-laid, both he and one half of 
his company were destroyed. After that, as many more of a 
fresh company engaged them, but the enemy being much supe- 
rior in number overpowered them, with the loss of one man and 
four wounded. 

On the Monday after, they killed Jabez Coleman of Kingston, 
with his son, as they were gathering corn stalks. About the 
same time, Nathaniel Edwards of Northampton was killed : and 
the next day, the same company of Indians went to Westfield, 
and fell on several people as they were coming out of the mea- 
dows with their carts loaded, and wounding one man had cer- 
tainly taken him, but some of our men bravely faced about, and 
attempted a shot upon them. But their guns all missing fire 
except Mr. Noah Ashley's, his went off and shot down one of 
the enemy, which put a stop to their further pursuit of the Eng- 
lish. Hereupon a company rallied, and went after the enemy, 
and quickly found the Indian whom Ashley had slain. And 
taking the scalp, said Ashley brought it to Boston, and received 
one hundred pounds reward for it. And now a regiment of 
fresh men under the command of Col. Westbrook were prepar- 
ing for Penobscot, one of their chief places of rendezvous for 
planting and fishing ; but by the unskillfulness of his guides, 
were led into a labyrinth of difficulties, and after a long fatigue 
returned without any discovery. 

Capt. Lovewellf from Dunstable, with thirty volunteers, at 

much advantage, till Farwell passing through a thicket, the Indians lost sight of him, and fearing he might have 
loaded again, they desisted. He was the only one of the company that escaped. A company from the neighbor- 
hood mustered upon the news of this disaster, proceeded to the fatal spot, took up the bodies of their friends and 
townsmen and interred them in the burying ground in Dunstable. Blanchard and Cross were carried to Canada : 
after remaining there some time, they succeeded by their own exertions in effecting their redemption and returned 
to their native town, where their descendants are still living.— fletoiOH of Col. E. Bancroft, ofTyngsborongh, Mass. 
[t Capt. John Lovewell lived in Dunstable, New-Hampshire, then Massachusetts. " He was a son of Zacheus 
Lovewell, an ensign in the army of Oliver Cromwell, who came to this country and settled at Dunstable, where he 
died at the age of one hundred and twenty years ; the oldest white man who ever died in the State of New-Hamp- 
rtlire." — Farmer's & Moore's Collections, Yol. Ill, p. 64. 



106 iPcnftallob^s Intjian m.axs. 

the same time went northward, who marching several miles up 
the country, came on a wigwam wherein were two Indians, one 
of which they killed and the other took, for which they received 
the promised bounty of one hundred pounds a scalp, and two 
shillings and six pence a day besides. 

Other companies were disposed to go out on the like encourage- 
ment, but did not see the track of an Indian ; being under such 
amazing terror, by reason of their late overthrow at JN'orridge- 
wock, that they deserted their former habitation; for when 
Capt. Heath went to Penobscot, he made no other discovery 
than a few empty wigwams. 

The government (being thoroughly apprized of the perfidy of 
the French at Canada, in supplying the Indians with all neces- 
sary stores of war, notwithstanding the peace at Utrecht, so 
firmly ratified between the two Crowns) sent Col. Thaxter and 
Col. Dudley from the Massachusetts, with Mr. Atkinson fi'om 
IS'ew-Hampshire, as commissioners to represent the many griev- 
ances that arose thereby ; as also to demand the several captives 
which they had of ours, and that hence-forward they would with- 
draw all manner of assistance from the enemy. For as they 
were Indians bordering between both governments, they be- 
longed either to the dominion of Great Britain, or unto the 
French King ; if to the French King, then consequently they 
were his subjects, and the encouraging or supplying them with 
warlike stores against the English, was a flagrant violation of 
the peace between the two Crowns; if they belonged to the 
King of Great Britain, then the exciting them to a war was as 
great a breach, and the stirring them up to a rebellion, contrary 
unto their allegiance and submission in the year 1693, which 
was afterwards renewed in the year 1713, and 1717. 

Our gentlemen in their journey to Quebeck, met the Governor 
at Montreal unto whom they delivered this message : upon 



i3enf)allob^s Inbian SWars. 107 



which the Governor seemed to extenuate his supplying or coun- 
tenancing them in any act of hostility ; till they made it evident 
from letters under his hand unto Monsieur Ralle, the Jesuit and 
father confessor. But to palliate the matter, he replied, they 
were an independent nation, and that as the captives were out 
of his reach he would not engage therein. But as to those 
among the French, he would order them to be released upon 
paying the first cost they had given the Indians. This we were 
obliged to do, after an exorbitant manner ; and in the whole, 
got but sixteen, with the promise of ten more. Notwithstand- 
ing this, he would often reflect on the English for invading the 
properties of the Indians, till our commissioners demonstrated 
that we possessed no more than what we purchased, and had 
formerly inhabited ; and inasmuch as the boundaries between 
the two Crowns were firmly fixed, that all the Indians inhabit- 
ing this side L'Accadia, must of consequence belong to the 
Crown of Great Britain. After this, our gentlemen departed, 
acknowledging the kind entertainment which his Excellency had 
given them ; who ordered a guard to attend them part of their 
way home. 

But the difiiculties and hazards that they met with in their 
journey, were great and terrible. It took them full four months. 
The lake they passed over was a hundred and fifty miles long 
and thirty wide, which was covered with water four inches on 
the surface of the ice. The first place they came to was Cham- 
blee, where is a strong fortification, 200 foot square, and 30 foot 
high, with four bastions, in which are four tiers of guns, one 
above another. From thence they travelled to Montreal, which 
is an island of 30 miles long and 12 wide, lying in the middle of 
the river commonly called St. Lawrence's river ; about 180 miles 
up from Quebeck, navigable for vessels of about 100 tons. This 
city (of Montreal) lies near the middle, walled round with stone 



108 i3cnf)a!Iob3^s intrian Mats, 

and lime sixteen foot high and three thick, but no battery or 
fortification ; in which are three churches, two chapels, two nun- 
neries, and two streets of three quarters of a mile in length ; con- 
taining about 400 houses. Their trade is mostly in furs, which 
they transport to Quebeck, and from thence to France. 

Capt. Lovewell, who was endowed with a generous spirit and 
resolution of serving his country, and well acquainted with hunt- 
ing the woods, raised a new company of volunteers, and marched 
some miles beyond their common head-quarters : on the east- 
erly side of Winnepiseogee * ponds, he crossed an Indian track, 
and soon after espied two of them, whose motions he watched all 
the day, and at night silently came vqoon them as they lay asleep 
round their fire. At his first firing, he killed seven, after that, 
two more, and wounded another, which was their whole com- 
pany :f who being within a day and a half's march of our fron- 
tiers, would probably have done mischief, had they not been so 
seasonably prevented. Their arms were so new and good, that 
most of them were sold for seven pounds a2:)iece, and each of 
them had two blankets, with a great many sj^are maccasons, 
which were supposed for the supplying of captives that they ex- 
pected to have taken. The plunder was but a few skins ; but 
during the march, our men were well entertained with moose, 
bear, and deer, together with salmon-trout, some of which were 
three feet long, and weighed twelve pounds apiece. 

April 13th, 1725, there came two Indians to Maquoit,J and 
took one Cockram, a soldier of about eighteen years of age, whom 
they carried thirty miles into the woods. The first night they 
pinioned him, but left him loose the second. He took an oppor- 

[*Winnepissocay, in copy.] 

[fThe brave company, with the ten scalps stretched on hoops and poles, entered Dover in triumph, and pro- 
ceeded thence to Boston ; where they received the bounty of one hundred pounds for each, out of the public treas- 
ury. — Belknap's Hist, of N Hampshire, Vol. II, p. 63. 

[JMaquoit is a bay, which lies about 20 miles north of Cape Elizabeth. — Sullivan, p. 14.] 



tunity (as they were asleep) to knock them both on the head, 
scalped them and brought their scalps away with him, and their 
guns. But in his return, he was so unhappy as to lose a gun, 
and one of the scalps in fording a river. When he came to the 
garrison and gave an account of the whole affair, there went out 
a party the next morning, and found the Indians both dead ac- 
cording to the information that he had given. He was not only 
rewarded according to the act, but was advanced in his post, for 
his brave action, and for the encouragement of others. 

On the Monday after, came another party to Yarmouth, where 
they slew William and Matthew Scales, which was a great 
weakening to that garrison, being very active and industrious 
men, and the principal supporters thereof. 

After this, they went to Cape Porpoise and waylaid Lieut. 
Trescott with some others, as they were passing along the road, 
whom they fired on, and wounded the said Trescott in several 
places. 

A vessel from Can so, about this time arriving, brought an ac- 
count of seventy Indians that fell on an out-house in view of the 
garrison, where they killed seven men, one woman and a child, 
and from thence went to Capt. Durell's Island, where they be- 
set a fortified house in which were only four, who engaged them 
several hours ; one of which was in a little time shot through a 
loop-hole, but the remaining three held out and defended them- 
selves with such bravery, that the enemy was obliged to draw 
off with considerable loss. 

Capt. Lovewell being still animated with an uncommon zeal 
of doing what service he could, made another attempt on Pig- 
wacket* with forty-four men ; who in his going built a small 

[* Situated on the upper part of the river Saco, then 50 miles from any white settlement, (ib. 1, 27,) which 
had been the residence of a formidable tribe, and which they still occasionally inhabited. It is in the present town 
ofFreyeburg, M9tine.— Belknap' i N. Bamp$hire, p . 63. — Drake' > Appendix lo Indian Wart, p. 33.] 

10 



110 ^lentallob^s fintrian Wiaxs. 

fort* near Ossipee, to have recourse unto in case of danger, as 
also for the relief of any that might be sick or wounded ; and 
having one of his men at this time sick, he left the doctor with 
eight men more to guard him : with the rest of his company, he 
proceeded in quest of the enemy, who on May the 8th, about ten 
in the morning, forty miles from said fort, near Saco pond,f he 
saw an Indian on a point of land : upon which they immedi- 
ately put off their blankets and knapsacks, and made towards 
him ; concluding that the enemy were ahead and not in the 
rear. Yet they were not without some apprehensions of their 
being discovered two days before, and that the appearing of one 
Indian in so bold a manner, was on purpose to ensnare them. 
Wherefore, the Captain calling his men together, proposed 
whether it was best to engage them or not ; who boldly replied, 
" that as they came out on purpose to meet the enemy, they 
would rather trust providence with their lives and die for their 
country, than return without seeing them." Upon this, they 
proceeded and mortally wounded the Indian, who notwithstand- 
ing returned the fire, and wounded Capt. Lovewell in the belly. 
Upon which Mr. Wyman fired and killed him. J But their dis- 
mantling themselves at this juncture, proved an unhappy snare ; 
for the enemy taking their baggage, knew their strength by the 
number of their packs, where they lay in ambush till they re- 

[ •■' About half way between a remarkable Indian mound in Ossipee, and the western shore of Ossipee Lake, 
"are the remains of the fort built by the brave Capt. Lovewell, just before he fell in the celebrated battle near 
Lovewell's pond, lu Freyeburg."— Forraej-'s <t; Moore's coll.. Vol. I, p. 46.] 

[■j-Some call this Lovewell's pond ; but Lovewell's pond is in Wakefield, where he some time before captured 
a company of Indians, who were on their way to attack some of the frontier towns. — Drahe'a Appendix to Indian 
Wars, p. 331.] 

[J This Indian has been celebrated as a hero, and ranked with the Roman Curtius, who devoted himself to 
death to save bis country. {See BiUchiiison's History, Vol. II, p. 315.) Having been on the spot where this cele- 
brated action happened, and having conversed with persons who were acquainted with the Indians of Pigwacket, 
before and after this battle, I am convinced that there is no foundation for the idea that he was placed there to 
decoy ; and that he had no claim to the character of a hero. The point on which he stood is a noted fishing place ; 
the gun which alarmed Lovewell's company, was fired at a flock of ducks ; and when they met him, he was return- 
ing home with his game and two fowling pieces. The village was situated at the edge of the Saco river, which 
here forms a large bend. The remains of the stockades were found by the first settlers, forty years afterward. 
The pond is in the township of Frieburg. — Belknap'i Hist, of N. Hampshire, pp. 65—66.] 



turned, and made the first shot ; which our men answered with 
much bravery, and advancing within twice the length of their 
guns, slew nine.* The encounter was smart and desperate, and 
the victory seemed to be in our favor, till Capt. Lovewell with 
several more were slain and wounded, to the number of twelve : 
upon which our men were forced to retreat unto a pond,f between 
which and the enemy was a ridge of ground that proved a bar- 
rier unto us. The engagement continued ten hours, but although 
the shouts of the enemy were at first loud and terrible, yet after 
some time they became sensibly low and weak, and their ap- 
pearance to lessen. Now Avhether it was through want of am- 
munition, or on the account of those that were slain and wounded, 
that the enemy retreated, certain it is, they first drew off and 
left the ground. And although many of our men were much 
enfeebled by reason of their wounds, yet none of the enemy pur- 
sued them in their return. Their number was uncertain, but 
by the advice which we afterwards received, they were seventy 
in the whole, whereof forty were said to be killed upon the spot, 
eighteen more died of their wounds, and that twelve only re- 
turned. An unhappy instance at this time fell out respecting 
one of our men, who when the fight began, was so dreadfully 
terrified, that he ran away unto the fort, telling those who were 
there, that Capt. Lovewell was killed with most of his men ; 
which put them into so great a consternation, that they all drew 
off, leaving a bag of bread and pork behind, in case any of their 
company might return and be in distress. 

['■'Both parties advanced with their guns presented, and when they came within "a few yardes," they fired 
on both sides. " The Indians fell in considerable numbers, but the English, most, if not all of them, escaped the 
first shot." — Drake's Appendix to Indian Wars, p. 332.] 

[•]• Hoping to be sheltered by a point of rocks which ran into the pond, and a few large pine trees standing on 
• sandy beach, in this forlorn place they took their station. On their right was the mouth of a brook, at that time 
unfordable ; on their left, was the rocky point ; their front was partly covered by a deep bog, and partly uncovered ; 
and the pond was in their rear. The enemy galled them in front and flank, and had them so completely in their 
power, that had they made a prudent use of their advantage, the whole company must either have been killed, or 
Obliged to surrender at discretion.— B«ttHajp'« Hut. of N. Hampshire, Vol. II, pp. 66 — 67.] 



112 ^enftallob's lutiian Wiax^. 

The whole that we lost in the engagement were fifteen, be- 
sides those that were wounded. Eleazar Davis of Concord, was 
the last that got in, who first came to Berwick and then to 
Portsmouth, where he was carefully provided for, and had a 
skilful surgeon to attend him. The report he gave me was, that 
after Capt. Lovewell was killed, and Lieut. Farwell and Mr. 
Robbins wounded,* that ensign Wyman took upon him the com- 
mand of the shattered company, who behaved himself with great 
prudence and courage, by animating the men and telling them, 
"that the day would yet be their own, if their spirits did not 
flag;" which enlivened them anew, and caused them to fire so 
briskly, that several discharged between twenty and thirty 
times apiece. He further added, that Lieut. Farwell, with Mr. 
Frye, their chaplain, Josiah Jones, and himself, who were all 
wounded, marched towards the fort ; but Jones steered another 
way, and after a long fatigue and hardship, got safe into Saco. 
Mr. Frye three days after, through the extremity of his wounds, 
began to faint and languish, and died. He was a very worthy 
and promising young gentleman, the bud of whose youth was 
but just opening into a fiower.f 

Mr. Jacob Fullam, who was an officer and an only son, dis- 
tinguished himself with much bravery. One of the first that 
was killed was by his right hand ; and when ready to encounter 
a second, it is said that he and his adversary fell at the very in- 
stant by each other's shot. Mr. Farwell held out in his return 
till the eleventh day ; during which time he had nothing to eat 
but water and a few roots which he chewed ; and by this time 
the wounds through his body were so mortified, that the worms 

[*The Indians inTited them to surrender, by holding up ropes to them, and endeavoured to intimidate them 
by their hideous yells ; till just before night, they quitted their advantageous ground, carrying off their killed and 
wounded, and leaving the dead bodies of Lovewell and his men unscalped. — Belknap's Hist, of N. Hampshire, Vol. 
II, p. 67.] 

[f He fell about the middle of the afternoon. He was the only son of Capt. James Frye of Andover, gradua- 
ted at Harvard College in 1723, and was chaplain of the company. — Drake's Appendix to Indian Wars, p. 334.] 



^Peni^alloto'^ intrtan WiaxB. 113 

made a thorougli passage. The same clay, this Davis caught a 
fish which he broiled, and was greatly refreshed therewith ; but 
the Lieutenant was so much spent, that he could not taste a bit. 
Davis being now alone, in a melancholy desolate state, still made 
toward the fort, and next day came to it, where he found some 
pork and bread, by which he was enabled to return as before- 
mentioned. 

Just as I had finished this account, I saw the historical me- 
moirs of the ingenious Mr. Symmes,* wherein I find two things 
remarkable, which I had no account of before : one was of Lieut. 
Robbins, who being sensible of his dying state, desired one of 
the company to charge his gun and leave it with him, being 
persuaded that the Indians, by the morning, would come and 
scalp him, but was desirous of killing one more before he died. 
The other was of Solomon Kies, who being wounded in three 
places, lost so much blood as disabled him to stand any longer ; 
but in the heat of the battle, calling to Mr. Wyman said, he was 
a dead man ; however, said that if it was possible, he would en- 
deavour to creep into some obscure hole, rather than be insulted 
by these bloody Indians : but by a strange providence, as he was 
creeping away, he saw a canoe in the pond, which he rolled him. 
self into, and by a favorable wind (without any assistance of his 
own) was driven so many miles on, that he got safe unto the fort. 

In 1 Sam. xxxi, 11, 12, 13, it is recorded to the immortal 
honor of the men of Jabesh Grilead, that when some of their re- 
nowned heroes fell by the hand of the Philistines, that they 
prepared a decent burial for their bodies. 

]^ow so soon as the report came of Capt. Lovewell's defeat, f 

[*Kev. Thomas Symmes of Bradford, Mass., whose Memoir of Lovewell's fight is published entire in the ffrst 
volume of- farmer t& Moore's CoUeclions.'] 

[fThis account of Lovewell's battle is collected from the authorities cited in the margin, and from the verbal 
information of aged and intelligent persons. The names of the dead, on the trees, and the holes where balls had 
entered and been cut out, were plainly visible, when I was on the spot in 1784:. The trees had the appearance of 
being very old, and one of them was fMen.— Belknap's Hist, of N. Hampshire, Vol. II, v. 70.1 



114 iPenf)aIloixi's hibimx Mats, 

about fifty men from New-Hampshire well equipped, marched 
unto Pequackett for the like end, but were not so happy as to 
find them : but Col. Tyng, from Dunstable, with Capt. White 
who went afterwards, buried twelve ; where at a little distance 
they found three Indians, among whom was Paugus,* a vile and 
bloody wretch. ISTow the reason why no more of the enemy 
could be found, was because it is customary among them to con- 
ceal their dead, and bury them in some places of obscurity; 

Give me leave here again to relate, (as I did before respect- 
ing Col. Hilton) that six or eight days before Capt. Lovewell 
was defeated, we had a current report several miles round of 
his being so, with little or no variation, both as to time and cir- 
cumstances. 

Our encountering the enemy at such a distance was so terri- 
ble and surprizing, that they never found any body after. And 
though our actions in this war can bear no comparison with 
those of our British forces, (which have caused the world to 
wonder) yet not to mention the bravery of these worthies, who 
died in the bed of honor, and for the interest of their country, 
would be a denying them the honor that is due unto their me- 
mory, and a burying them in oblivion. f 

The mourning drum, the lance and ensign's trail, 
The robes of honor all in sable veil. 

Mr. Wyman, who distinguished himself in such a signal 

[-Many of Lovewell's men know Paugus personally. A huge bear's skin formed a part of his dress. From 
Mr. Symme's account, it appears that John Chamberlain killed him. They had spoken together some time in the 
fight, and afterwards both happened to go to the pond to wash out their guns, which were rendered useless by so 
frequent firing. Here the challenge was given by Paugus, " It is you Or I." As soon as the guns were prepared, 
they fired, and Paugus fell. — Drake's Appendix to Indiaii Wars, p. 234.] 

[t This was one of the most fierce and obstinate battles which had been fought With the Indians. They had 
not only the advantage of numbers, but of placing themselves in ambush, and Waiting with deliberation the mo- 
ment of attack. These circumstances gave them a degree of ardor and impetuosity. Lovewell and his men, though 
disappointed of meeting the enemy in their front, expected and determined to fight. The fall of their commander 
and more than one quarter of their number, in the first onset, was greatly discouraging ; but they knew the situa- 
tion to which they were reduced, and their distance from the frontiers, cut off all hope of safety by flight. In 
these circumstances, prudence as well as valor, dictated a continuance of the engagement, and a refusal to surren- 
der ; until the enemy, awed by their brave resistance, and weakened by their own loss, yielded them the honor 
of the field. After this encounter, the Indians resided no more at Pigwacket, till the peace.— 2 Belknap, p. 69, 70.] 



^3en})allo\xi's; Intrian WiaxB. n^ 



manner, was, at his return, presented with a silver hilted sword, 
and a captain's commission. Edward Lingfield was also made 
an ensign, and the general assembly (to shew a grateful ac- 
knowledgment to the soldiers, and a compassionate sympathy 
unto the widows and orphans,) ordered the sum of fifteen hun- 
dred pounds to be given them, under a certain regulation. And 
for a further encouragement of Volunteers, ordered four shillings 
a day out of the public to be paid every one that would enlist, 
besides the bounty of one hundred pounds a scalp. Upon which 
a great many brave men, under the command of Capt. White, 
Capt. Wyman, and others, went out, but the extremity of the 
heat prevented their marching far. Many of them sickened of 
the bloody flux, and some died after their return ; particularly, 
Capt. White and Capt. Wyman, whose deaths were very much 
lamented. 

Saquarexis, and Nebine, one a hostage, and the other a pri- 
soner belonging to the English, being desirous of visiting their 
old acquaintance, had liberty granted them on their parole ; who 
after some time returned and gave an account, that the Indians 
were generally disposed to a peace, for that the losses they met 
with, and the daily terror they were under, made their lives 
miserable. After this, they went out again, and meeting with 
several others, they represented their ready desires of having a 
treaty of pacification with the English. Upon which Col. Wal- 
ton,* from New-Hampshire, Col. Stoddard and Mr. Wainwright, 
from the Massachusetts, were appointed commissioners to go 
unto St. George's, to hear and report what they had to offer. 
They arrived there, July the second, and sent the said two In- 
dians with a letter unto their chiefs, letting them know that 
they were come ; who in six days after, appeared under a flag 
of truce. 

[*Col Walton lived at Somersworth. He was dismissed from serTice, and wm succeeded by Col. Thomas 
Westbrook.— Fol. 1 N. H. Hist. 8oc. col.] 



116 iPenftallob's Indian Wiaxs, 

Capt. Bean, the interpreter, was sent to meet them. They 
brought a letter from Winnenimmit their chief Sagamore, which 
was wrote in French. The imj)ort of which was, to congratu- 
late the gentlemen's arrival on a design of peace, which they 
earnestly desired to treat about, provided they might do it safely ; 
b^ing under some fear and jealousy. And indeed they had 
cause of being so, for that about ten days before under a flag of 
truce, some of the English treacherously attempted to lay vio- 
lent hands upon them, but lost one in the skirmish, and had 
another wounded, which was the occasion of the like unhappy 
disaster that afterwards happened unto Capt. Saunders, in Pe- 
nobscot Bay. They then moved, that inasmuch as many of 
their men were scattered, (being out a hunting) that our gentle- 
men would stay a little, which they consented to. And five days 
after, seven came in under a flag of truce, making the usual sig- 
nal ; and informing the commissioners they would wait on them 
to-morrow ; who after a friendly entertainment were dismissed. 
The next day, their whole body came within a quarter of a mile 
of the garrison, desiring the English to come to them ; which 
they refused, saying, that they were sent fi'om the several gov- 
ernments to hear what they had to offer ; but assured them that 
if they came to them, no injury should be offered. After a short 
consultation they complied, provided that the English would 
engage it in the name of Grod. And then they sent in thirteen 
of their chiefs, expecting the like number of English to be sent 
them. So soon as they met, the commissioners demanded what 
they had to offer, who complimented them with the great satis- 
faction they had in seeing them in so peaceable a disposition, 
and that it was also the intent and desire of their hearts. It 
was then asked wherefore they made war upon the English ? 
who replied, because of their encroachments upon their lands so 
far westward as Cape Nawagen, where two of their men, as they 



iPentallob^s hxUan Wiaxs. ii7 



said, were beaten to death. Upon which it was answered, that 
that very land was bought by the English, and that the deeds 
from their predecessors were ready to be shewn ; and admitting 
it was true what they said, that the English did so inhumanly 
beat two of their Indians, yet it was not justifiable in them (ac- 
cording to the articles of j)eace) to commence a war at once, 
without first making application to the government, who at all 
times were ready to do them justice. 

This conference being over, they proposed a further treaty, 
which after some debate, was resolved to be at Boston. They 
then moved for a cessation of arms, but our commissioners, hav- 
ing no power, rejilied, that if they went to Boston, it might pro- 
bably be granted. But in the mean time moved that each j^arty 
should be on their guard, for that it was the custom of nations 
to carry on the war on both sides till matters were fully con- 
cluded. The Indians replied that as they desired j)eace, they 
were resolved in calling in their young men, promising for them- 
selves and those also of their tribe, that no hostility should be 
formed against us. 

The treaty being over, Capt. Loran and Ahanquid, who were 
two of their chiefs, accompanied our gentlemen to Boston, where 
they were friendly entertained, and after a capitulation of mat- 
ters, returned in a vessel prepared on purpose, with a promise 
of bringing more of their chiefs with them in forty days after 
their arrival, for a final issue of all differences. 

Several constructions and censures were passed on this treaty ; 
some thinking the English were more forward for a peace than the 
Indians, and that as we now knew their head quarters, might 
easily destroy their corn, and disrest them in their fishery, which 
would bring them to a ready composition. Although the Pe- 
nobscot Indians seemed guarantee for the other tribes, yet as 
we knew them treacherous, we could put no confidence in them, 



118 ^Penj^alloto's Inliian Wiaxs. 

but rather lay ourselves open unto a snare, and become the 
more secure ! Something like this accordingly fell out ; for on 
September 15th, a party of them fell on some of Cocheco while 
at work in the field, Avhere they slew one, scalped another, cut 
off the head of a third, and carried a fourth captive ; all which 
belonged to the family of the Evans'.* 

A few days after, another party attacked a garrison at North 
Yarmouth, but were so stoutly repulsed that they made no im- 
pression ; but at their drawing off, killed several cattle. Two 
days after, some appeared at Mowsum, and then at Damaris 
Cove, which lies eastward of Kennebeck, and is two leagues 
within the line agreed upon ; where they took and burnt two 
shallops which belonged to Stephen Hunuel and Alexander 
Soaper, who with five men and a boy, they carried to the Win- 
niganse, and knocked him on the head. Some conjectured these 
Indians came from Canada ; others, that they belonged to the 
eastward, for that an English jacket was afterwards seen on one 
of them ; but the eastern Indians laid it on the other. 

At the same time the English had several companies out at 
Ameriscoggin, Rockamagug, Norridgwock, &c. ; where Col, 
Harmon and others went, but made no discovery. Some 
thought that we hereby infringed on the articles made between 
them and us, unto which it may be replied, that these places 
were not within the Penobscot line ; and although they promised 

[ =^' The Indians had come down to Cocheco, with a design to take the family of Hanson again. When they 
had come near the house, they observed some people at work in a neighboring field, by which it was necessary for 
them to pass, both in going and returning. This obliged them to alter their purpose, and conceal themselves in a 
barn, till they were ready to attack them. Two women passed by the barn while they were in it, and had just 
reached the garrison as the guns were fired. They shot Benjamin Evans dead on the spot ; wounded William 
Evans and cut his throat. John Evans received a slight wound in the breast, which bleeding plentifully, deceived 
them, and thinking him dead, they stripped and scalped him. He bore the painful operation without discovering 
any signs of life, though all the time in his perfect senses, and continued in tlie feigned appearance of death, till 
they turned him over, and struck him several blows with their guns, and left him for dead. After they were gone 
off, he rose and walked, naked and bloody, towards the garrison ; but on meeting his friends by the way, dropped, 
fainting on the ground, and being covered with a blanket, was conveyed to the house. He recovered and lived 
fifty years. A pursuit was made after the enemy, but they got off undiscovered, carrying with them Benjamin 
Svana, Jr. a lad of 13, to Canada, whence he was afterwards redeemed. — 2 Belknap, 80.] 



?3enftallob3^s Intrian amars* ii9 

to do what they could in restraining others from falling on the 
English, yet as several scouts from other places were then out, 
they could not absolutely engage for them ; wherefore it was 
now requisite for us to secure our frontiers,* 

About the 28th September, 1725, Capt D wight of fort Dum- 
mer, sent out a scout of six men, west, who being upon their 
return sat down to refresh themselves ; and hearing a noise like 
running, looked up, and saw fourteen Indians just upon them. 
Our men fired at the enemy, but were soon overpowered by the 
Indians, who killed two, took three, and one escaped. 

The forty days beforementioned, for coming in of the Penob- 
scot Indians, with those of the other tribes, being nearly twice 
expired, gave great uneasiness for fear of some mischief that was 
designed. But in the beginning of November, the several Cap- 
tains hereafter mentioned came in, viz., Sauguaaram, alias So- 
run, Arexus, Francois Xavier, Meganumba, where the following 
submission and agreement was concluded on. 

The submission and agreement of the delegates of the eastern 

Indians. 

Whereas the several tribes of eastern Indians, viz., the Pe- 
nobscot, Norridgwock, St. John's, Cape Sables, and other tribes 
inhabiting within his Majesty's territories of New-England and 
Nova-Scotia, who have been engaged in the present war, from 
whom we Sauguaaram, alias Sorun, Arexus, Francois-Xavier, and 
Meganumba, are delegated and fully empowered to enter into 
articles of pacification with his Majesty's governments of the 

[ * August 25, 1725, deacon Field, deacon Childs, and others, were going up to Green river farms, and wer« 
ambushed by the Indians, but they discovered the Indians, and John Wells discharged his gun at an Indian, who 
fell ; the Indians iired at them, and wounded deacon Samuel Field, the ball passing through the right hypocondria, 
cutting off three plaits of the mysenteria, which bung out of the wound, in length almost two inches, which was 
cut off even with the body, the bullet passing between the lowest and the next rib, cutting, at its going forth, the 
lowest rib : his hand beiug close to the body when the ball came forth, it entered at the root of the heel of the 
thumb, cutting the bone of the fore fioger, and, resting between the fore and second finger, was cut out, and all the 
wounds were cured in less than five weeks, by doctor Thomas Hastings. — Aj^j^. to Willianu' Narrative, p. 112.] 



120 ^enf)alIob^s intiiau Wiaxs. 



Massachusetts Bay, N^ew-Hampshire and ]S"ova-Scotia ; have, 
contrary to the several treaties they have solemnly entered into 
with the said governments, made an open rupture, and have 
continued some years in acts of hostility against the subjects of 
his Majesty King George, within the said governments ; they 
being now sensible of the miseries and troubles they have in- 
volved themselves in, and being desirous to be restored to his 
Majesty's grace and favor, and to live in peace with all his Ma- 
jesty's subjects of the said three governments and the province 
of New- York and colonies of Connecticut and Rhode-Island, and 
that all former acts of injury be forgotten : have concluded to 
make, and we do by these presents in the name and behalf of 
the said tribes, make our submission unto his most excellent 
Majesty Greorge, by the grace of God of Great Britain, France 
and Ireland, king, defender of the faith &c., in as full and am- 
ple manner as any of our predecessors have heretofore done. 

And we do hereby promise and engage with the Hon. William 
Dummer, Esq. as he is Lieut. Governor and commander-in-chief, 
of his majesty's province of the Massachusetts Bay, and with 
the governors or commanders-in-chief of the said province, for 
the time being : that is to say — 

We, the said delegates, for, and in behalf of the several tribes 
aforesaid, do promise and engage — That at all times, forever, 
from and after the date of these presents, we and they will cease 
and forbear all acts of hostility, injuries and discord, towards all 
the subjects of the crown of Great Britain, and not offer the 
least hurt, violence or molestation to them or any of them in 
their persons or estates, but will henceforward hold and main- 
tain a firm and constant amity and friendship with all the Eng- 
lish, and will never confederate or combine with any other na- 
tion to their prejudice. 

That all the captives taken in this present war shall, at or 



lpenf)alIola3^s littrian amars, 121 

before the time of the further ratification of this treaty, be re- 
stored, without any ransom or payment to be made for them or 
any of them. 

That his Majesty's subjects the English, shall and may 
peaceably and quietly, enter upon, improve and forever enjoy 
all and singular their rights of land and former settlements, 
properties and posvsessions, within the eastern parts of the said 
province of the Massachusetts Bay ; together with all islands, 
inlets, shores, beaches and fishery within the same, without any 
molestation or claims by us or any other Indians, and be in no 
ways molested, interrupted, or disturbed therein. 

Saving unto the Penobscot, Norridgwock, and other tribes 
within his Majesty's province aforesaid, and their natural de- 
scendants respectively, all their lands, liberties and properties 
not by them conveyed or sold to or possessed by any of the 
English subjects as aforesaid ; as also the privilege of fishing, 
hunting and fowling, as formerly. 

That all trade and commerce which may hereafter be allowed 
betwixt the English and the Indians, shall be under such man- 
agement and regulation, as the government of the Massachu- 
setts province shall direct. 

If any controversy or difference at any time hereafter happen 
to arise between any of the English and Indians, for any real or 
supposed wrong or injury done on either side, no private re- 
venge shall be taken for the same, but proper application shall 
be made to his Majesty's government, upon the place for remedy 
or redress thereof, in a due course of justice. We submitting 
ourselves to be ruled and governed by his Majesty's laws, and 
desiring to have the benefit of the same. 

We also, the said delegates, in behalf of the tribes of Indians 
inhabiting within the French territories, (who have assisted us 
in this war) for whom we are fully empowered to act in this 



122 ^penftallob^s hxtiimi WiaxB. 

present treaty, do hereby promise and engage, that they and 
every of them shall henceforth cease and forbear all acts of hos- 
tility, force and violence, towards all and every, the subjects of 
his Majesty, the King of Great Britain. 

We do further in the behalf of the Penobscot Indians pro- 
mise and engage, that if any of the other tribes intended to 
be included in this treaty, shall notwithstanding, refuse to con- 
firm and ratify this present treaty entered into on their behalf, 
and continue or renew acts of hostility against the English, in 
such case, the said Penobscot tribe, shall join their young men 
with the English in reducing them to reason. 

In the next place, we the afore-named delegates do promise 
and engage with the Honorable John Wentworth, Esq., as he is 
Lieut. Governor and commander in chief of his Majesty's pro- 
vince of JSTew-Hampshire, and with the governors and com- 
manders in chief of the said province for the time being, that 
we and the tribes we are deputed from, will henceforth cease and 
forbear all acts of hostility, injuries and discords, towards all 
the subjects of his Majesty King George, within the said pro- 
vince ; and we do understand and take it, that the said govern- 
ment of New-Hampshire, is also included and comprehended in 
all and every of the articles aforegoing, excepting that article 
respecting the regulating the trade with us. 

And further, we the aforenamed delegates do promise and en- 
gage with the Hon. Lawrence Armstrong, Esq., Lieut, governor 
and commander in chief of his Majesty's province of JSTova-Sco- 
tia or Accadia, to live in peace with his Majesty's good subjects 
and their dependents in that government, according to the arti- 
cles agreed on with Major Paul Mascarene, commissioned for 
that purpose ; and further to be ratified as mentioned in the 
said articles. 

That this present treaty shall be accepted, ratified and con- 



^enftallob^s fntiian Wiaxs. 123 



firmed, in a public and solemn manner, by the cHefs of the 
several eastern tribes of Indians included therein at Falmouth 
in Casco Bay, some time in the month of May next. In testi- 
mony whereof, we have signed these presents, and af&xed our 
seals. 

Dated at the Council Chamber in Boston in New-England, 
this fifteenth day of December, Anno Domini, one thousand 
seven hundred and twenty-five. Anno Regni Regis Greorgii 
Magnse Britanni^e, &c.. Duodecimo. 



Sauguaaram QT^ jQ alias Lomn. 



Arexus 



Francois .^jT ^^ Xaviet 



Megamimha. 

A true copy taken from the original, executed by the Indian 
delegates before the General assembly, December 15, 1725. 

Attest, J. Willard, Seer. 

Thus we have seen the events of twenty-three years, in most 
of which we have heard nothing but the " sound of the trumpet, 
and the alarm of war." And in the time of the intervening- 
peace, we met with many interruptions and acts of hostility, 
which prevented the growth of our eastern settlements. 




124 iPmibaUobj's intaian Wiaxs. 



It is surprizing to think that so small a number of Indians 
should be able to distress a country so large and populous, to 
the degree we have related. The charge of the war in the last 
three years, was no less than one hundred and seventy thousand 
pounds ; besides the constant charge of watching, warding, 
scouting, making and repairing of garrisons, &c., which may 
modestly be computed at upwards of seventy thousand pounds 
more. Yet after all, the enemy have but little cause of triumph ; 
for that one third of them (at least) have been destroyed, and 
one of their tribes so shattered (at Norridgwock) that they are 
never more likely to make any formidable head. 

Now, as peace seems once more to be concluded by the 
treaty before mentioned, the greatest difficulty will be to sup- 
port andmaintain it. If trading houses, which are now resolved 
on, (by the wisdom of the government) be well regulated, it may 
(under Grod) be a means of our tranquility ; especially if the 
government can also prevail with them to receive the ministry 
for their instruction in the principles of the true religion. 

But although it was agreed on with the several delegates that 
the treaty should be ratified and confirmed in a public and so- 
lemn manner by the chiefs of the several tribes of the eastern 
Indians at Falmouth in Casco Bay, some time in the month of 
May ; yet when that time came they were not ready for it, but 
seemed for some time uncertain and dilatory. JSTevertheless the 
government fi*om time to time received advices of their contin- 
ued desires of peace ; and resolving that the failure should not 
be on our part, his honor, the Lieutenant Grovernor, with a quo- 
rimi of his Majesty's council, and a number of gentlemen from 
the house of representatives, attended with a good guard, and a 
fine train of young gentlemen, set out from Boston, on July 14, 
and arrived at Falmouth the 16th. 

On the 21st, his Honor received a letter from Wenemovet, 



^enibaUoto^s hxUmx miaxs. 125 



Sagamore and chief Sachem of the Penobscot tribe, dated at St. 
George's July 19th, praying him to meet the Indians at Pema- 
quid; which his honour absolutely refused, requiring him to 
come to Casco, and promising him safe conduct. 

On the 29th, Wenemovet arrived, with a number of his prin- 
cipal men and others, about forty, and on the thirtieth the con- 
ference for the ratification of the late Treaty was entered on ; and 
on the sixth of August it was concluded. 

The Penobscot tribe only appeared, but in behalf of all the 
other tribes. The Canada tribes had been sent to by them, and 
had sent a letter (as they said) with two wampum belts ; the 
one for their brethren of Penobscot, in token I suppose of their 
beinsc concluded by them in the present treaty, the other to be 
presented to our Governor upon the ratification of the treaty ; 
which was accordingly presented. 

The Lieut. Governor demanded of them, why the IN'orridg- 
wocks were not there ? Wenemovet answered, that they had 
full power to act for them and for the Wowenocks and the Arre- 
guntenocks, and the St. Francois. 

The governments had many and large conferences with the 
Indians ; worthy to be communicated to the publick, and which 
would be an entertainment to the curious. In these conferences 
the discretion and prudence of the salvages was observable as 
well as the wisdom, justice, equity and tenderness of the 
governors on our part. 

One of the first things that the Indians desired of our govern- 
ors was, that they would give order that the vessels in the har- 
bor as well as the taverns ashore might be restrained from sell- 
ing any liquors to their young men. The governor told them, 
that he very much approved of that, and would give order ac- 
cordingly. 

On Saturday July 30th, when the conference for the day was 
11* 



126 iPmi^allob's Intiian Wiaxs. 

over, the Lieut. Governor told them, " to-morrow is the Lord's- 
Day, on which we do no business." Loron, their speaker, 
answered readily, " to-morrow is our Sabbath Day ; we also keep 
the Day." 

It may be a pleasure to the reader to have the words of the 
ratification of the treaty, both on our part and also on the part 
of the Indians. 

On the Indian's part, it ran in the following words. 

We the underwritten Wenemovet, chief Sachem and Saga- 
more of the Penobscot tribe, and other the chiefs with the rest 
of the said tribe now convented, having had the within articles 
of Peace distinctly and deliberately read over and interpreted to 
us : do by these presents in a publick and solemn manner, as 
well for ourselves as for all the within mentioned tribes, from 
whom we are delegated and fully impowered, ratify, affirm and 
confirm all and singular the within articles of Peace, to His most 
Sacred Majesty King George ; and that the same and each of 
them be, and shall continue and remain in full force, efficacy 
and power, to all intents and purposes whatsoever. 

Done and concluded at Falmouth in Casco Bay before his 
Honour William Dummcr, Esq. Lieut, governor and com. 
mander in chief of his Majesty's province of the Massachusetts 
Bay in New-England, and his Majesty's council of said province 
the Hon. John Wentworth Esq. Lieut, governor of his Majes- 
ty's province of New-Hampshire, and several of his Majesty's 
council of said province, and Major Paul Mascarene, delegated 
from his Majesty's province of Nova-Scotia, or L'Accadia ; and 
the several gentlemen that subscribe hereto. 

Witness our hands and seals, the fifth day of August, in the 
thirteenth year of the reign of our sovereign lord George, by the 
grace of God of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, King, de- 
fender of the faith, &c. annoq. dom. 1726. 



iPeuftallob^s Intrian fflmars, 127 



On our part, the ratification of the treaty ran thus. By the 
Honourable William Dummer, Esq. Lieut, governor and com- 
mander in chief of his Majesty's province of the Massachusetts- 
Bay in jS'ew-England. 

Whereas Wenemovet, the chief sachem of Penobscot, with 
others his chiefs and the rest of said tribe, con vented at Casco 
bay the 5th day of August, 1726, having solemnly and publickly 
ratified the treaty of submission, made at Boston the 15th day 
of December last, and delivered the same to me, which I have 
according accepted. 

I do hereby ratify and confirm all the articles in the within 
mentioned instrument. 

Given under my hand and seal at arms, at Falmouth, in Casco 
bay, the sixth day of August, in the thirteenth year of the 
reign of our sovereign lord King G-eorge, by the grace of Grod 
of Great Britain, &c. annoq. dom. 1726. 

WILLIAM DUMMER. 

By the command of his honour 
the Lieut, governor, 

John Wainwright, 

Clerk of the Council. 

After the ratification was over, the Lieut, governor among 
other things, desired them to say, what measures they propos'd to 
take, whereby the inhabitants on our frontiers msij be made easy 
and safe, notwithstanding the Norridgwocks, &c. who did not 
personally appear to ratify the articles of the present treaty ? 

They answered, that they would have the inhabitants of the 
frontiers to be very careful, and that as soon as they return'd 
home it should be their first care to send to all the tribes, and let 
them know that there is a peace made. 

The Lieut, governor ask'd them, will you lay your commands 



128 iPentallob's Inl5ian Marg. 

and injunctions on the other tribes for that purpose, as far as 
you are able ? Loron answered, we will do our utmost to oblige 
'em to live peaceably towards us. 

The Lieut, governor replied, do you say you will resent it, if 
any hostile acts or injuries should be committed against our 
people ? 

Loron. We will resent such actions, and join our young men 
with yours in such a case, and oblige them to be quiet and sit 
down. We mean, in case any of the tribes should rise against 
us, or resist us, we will take effectual means to set them down 
by force. As to the first treaty we reckoned ourselves obliged to 
this, but we account we are under much more and stronger ob- 
ligations to it now ; since the engagements our whole tribe have 
taken upon them, in ratifying the articles of the treaty. We 
shall take effectual care therefore that any such persons be 
obliged to sit down. 

We have given onr words, and repeated our promises and en- 
gagements ; and our words are written down, and they will ap- 
pear afterwards against us. 

When the whole conference was transcribed, it was on August 
11, (may the day be memorable and happy to us and ours after 
us) distinctly read over and interpreted to Wenemovet and the 
Indialis with him : and the Lieut, governor asked them if they 
understood it, and whether it was rightly taken down ? They 
answered, that the conference was rightly taken down, and not 
a word missing in it. 

His honour then for their more full satisfaction subscribed 
his name to it, and then delivered it to Wenemovet, , chief sa- 
chem, who with his principal men subscribed to it, and delivered 
it back to his honour. 

And thus we hope by the will of God, that a happy founda- 
tion is laid for a lasting peace. And we cannot conclude with- 



iPentalloto^s inhian WLaxs. 129 



out a thankful acknowledgment of the great favour and mercy 
of Grod to us, in the wise conduct given unto his honour the 
Lieut, governor, both in the management of the war, and also of 
the treaty of peace. May the comforts and rewards of a faith- 
ful administration remain to him for ever ; and the happy fruits 
of peace unto these provinces. Fmis. 

The following Lines were written by Mr. Thomas C. Upham, "a N. Hampshire poet," on the 
occasion of a visit to the place of Lovewell's Fight* 

Ah! where are the soldiers that fought here of yore? 
The sod is upon them, they'll struggle no naore. 
The hatchet is fallen, the red man is low; 
But near him reposes the arm of his foe. 

The bugle is silent, the war-whoop is dead: 
There's a murmur of waters and woods in their stead 
And the raven and owl chant a symphony drear, 
From the dark waving pines o'er the combatant's bier. 

The light of the sun has just sunk in the wave, 
And a long time ago sat the sun of the brave. 
The waters complain, as they roll o'er the stones. 
And the rank grass encircles a few scatter' d bones. 

The names of the fallen the traveller leaves 

Cut out with his knife in the bark of the trees, 

But little avail his affectionate arts, 

For the names of the fallen are graved in our hearts. 

The voice of the hunter is load on the breeze, 
There's a dashing of waters, a rustling of trees ; 

But the jangling of armour hath all pass'd away, 

No gushing of lifeblood is here seen to day. 

The eye that was sparkling, no longer is bright. 
The arm of the mighty, death conquered its might. 
The bosoms that once for their country beat high, 
To those bosoms the sods of the valley are nigh. 

Sleep, soldiers of merit, sleep, gallants of yore, 

The hatchet is fallen, the struggle is o'er. :> 

While the fir tree is green and the wind rolls a wave, 

The tear drop shall brighten the turf of the brave. 



•> Taken from Farmer and Moore's Col. I, 35. 






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